BIO 310 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Abyssal Correct Answer 4000 - 6000 m depth.
Aristotle Correct Answer Birth of natural history observation,
widely regarded as the first natural philosopher. First to actually
describe/record marine life (e.g. octopus anatomy).
At what speed is the Earth spinning at the equator? Correct
Answer Approximately 1018 mph.
Bathyal Correct Answer 1000 - 4000 m depth (no light).
Bathybius hypothesis Correct Answer The idea that the entire
ocean floor was covered in a primordial slime that was
constantly giving rise to new life.
Benthos Correct Answer Bottom.
Biodiversity Correct Answer Controls on the number of
species.
Charles Darwin Correct Answer Voyage of the Beagle,
circumnavigated world, theory of coral reef subsidence - coral
growth rate keeps up with volcanic island sink rate, eventually
forming an atoll.
Define commensalism in ecological interactions. Correct
Answer A relationship where one species benefits and the other
is unaffected.
,Define the ecosystem level in ecological interactions. Correct
Answer The entire habitat including all abiotic and biotic
interactions.
Define the population level in ecological interactions. Correct
Answer A group of individuals of the same species that
respond to the same environmental factors and freely mix.
Describe a highly stratified estuary. Correct Answer A layer
of freshwater flows at the surface toward the sea, with denser
oceanic water flowing underneath.
Describe parasitism in ecological interactions. Correct Answer
When one species lives at the expense of another without totally
consuming it.
Describe the Hadley Cell and its formation process. Correct
Answer The Hadley Cell forms as warm, low-pressure air at
the equator rises, then cools and moves back toward 30°N,
creating a circulation pattern.
Ecology Correct Answer Study of the interaction of
organisms with their physical and biological environments and
how that influences abundance and distribution.
Edward Forbes Correct Answer Developed Azoic hypothesis
(no life deeper than 300 f = 1800 feet), first marine scientific
hypothesis!
,Epifaunal Correct Answer Organisms that live on, but not
within, the bottom sediment.
Epipelagic Correct Answer Pelagic environments, 0-200 m
depth (sunlit surface waters).
Functional Biology Correct Answer How an organism carries
out basic functions (e.g. reproduction, locomotion, feeding, etc)
Georges Cuvier Correct Answer Generalized classification of
animals. First to actually organize animals into groups based
upon body plans. Included fossils in his classifications.
Give an example of a moderately stratified estuary. Correct
Answer Chesapeake Bay.
Give an example of a stationary predator. Correct Answer
Anemones.
Hadal Correct Answer Trenches = > 6000 m depth.
How can homeotherms prevent heat loss? Correct Answer
Through insulation (e.g., blubber in marine mammals, feathers
in birds) and countercurrent heat exchange.
How can homeotherms prevent heat loss? Correct Answer
Through insulation (e.g., blubber in marine mammals, feathers
in birds) and countercurrent heat exchange.
How can oxygen concentrations become very low in certain
areas? Correct Answer In areas with restricted flows, oxygen
, is depleted by respiration and low mixing prevents
replenishment.
How do antifreeze proteins function in cold-water organisms?
Correct Answer They bind to ice crystals to prevent freezing in
organisms living in freezing water.
How do bony fishes manage salt and water balance? Correct
Answer They constantly drink water and excrete salts through
their gills.
How do marine organisms respond to changes in salinity?
Correct Answer Through ion regulation, cell volume
regulation, and creating free amino acids.
How do organisms regulate salinity? Correct Answer Through
ion regulation, cell volume regulation, and creating free amino
acids or other solutes.
How do poikilotherms manage heat gain in hot environments?
Correct Answer By circulating body fluids to bring heat to the
surface for dissipation and using evaporation for heat loss.
How do poikilotherms manage heat gain in the intertidal zone?
Correct Answer By circulating body fluids to dissipate heat and
using evaporation for heat loss.
How do the atmospheric circulation cells mirror each other in
the Southern Hemisphere? Correct Answer The same
circulation cells (Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar) exist in the Southern
SOLUTIONS
Abyssal Correct Answer 4000 - 6000 m depth.
Aristotle Correct Answer Birth of natural history observation,
widely regarded as the first natural philosopher. First to actually
describe/record marine life (e.g. octopus anatomy).
At what speed is the Earth spinning at the equator? Correct
Answer Approximately 1018 mph.
Bathyal Correct Answer 1000 - 4000 m depth (no light).
Bathybius hypothesis Correct Answer The idea that the entire
ocean floor was covered in a primordial slime that was
constantly giving rise to new life.
Benthos Correct Answer Bottom.
Biodiversity Correct Answer Controls on the number of
species.
Charles Darwin Correct Answer Voyage of the Beagle,
circumnavigated world, theory of coral reef subsidence - coral
growth rate keeps up with volcanic island sink rate, eventually
forming an atoll.
Define commensalism in ecological interactions. Correct
Answer A relationship where one species benefits and the other
is unaffected.
,Define the ecosystem level in ecological interactions. Correct
Answer The entire habitat including all abiotic and biotic
interactions.
Define the population level in ecological interactions. Correct
Answer A group of individuals of the same species that
respond to the same environmental factors and freely mix.
Describe a highly stratified estuary. Correct Answer A layer
of freshwater flows at the surface toward the sea, with denser
oceanic water flowing underneath.
Describe parasitism in ecological interactions. Correct Answer
When one species lives at the expense of another without totally
consuming it.
Describe the Hadley Cell and its formation process. Correct
Answer The Hadley Cell forms as warm, low-pressure air at
the equator rises, then cools and moves back toward 30°N,
creating a circulation pattern.
Ecology Correct Answer Study of the interaction of
organisms with their physical and biological environments and
how that influences abundance and distribution.
Edward Forbes Correct Answer Developed Azoic hypothesis
(no life deeper than 300 f = 1800 feet), first marine scientific
hypothesis!
,Epifaunal Correct Answer Organisms that live on, but not
within, the bottom sediment.
Epipelagic Correct Answer Pelagic environments, 0-200 m
depth (sunlit surface waters).
Functional Biology Correct Answer How an organism carries
out basic functions (e.g. reproduction, locomotion, feeding, etc)
Georges Cuvier Correct Answer Generalized classification of
animals. First to actually organize animals into groups based
upon body plans. Included fossils in his classifications.
Give an example of a moderately stratified estuary. Correct
Answer Chesapeake Bay.
Give an example of a stationary predator. Correct Answer
Anemones.
Hadal Correct Answer Trenches = > 6000 m depth.
How can homeotherms prevent heat loss? Correct Answer
Through insulation (e.g., blubber in marine mammals, feathers
in birds) and countercurrent heat exchange.
How can homeotherms prevent heat loss? Correct Answer
Through insulation (e.g., blubber in marine mammals, feathers
in birds) and countercurrent heat exchange.
How can oxygen concentrations become very low in certain
areas? Correct Answer In areas with restricted flows, oxygen
, is depleted by respiration and low mixing prevents
replenishment.
How do antifreeze proteins function in cold-water organisms?
Correct Answer They bind to ice crystals to prevent freezing in
organisms living in freezing water.
How do bony fishes manage salt and water balance? Correct
Answer They constantly drink water and excrete salts through
their gills.
How do marine organisms respond to changes in salinity?
Correct Answer Through ion regulation, cell volume
regulation, and creating free amino acids.
How do organisms regulate salinity? Correct Answer Through
ion regulation, cell volume regulation, and creating free amino
acids or other solutes.
How do poikilotherms manage heat gain in hot environments?
Correct Answer By circulating body fluids to bring heat to the
surface for dissipation and using evaporation for heat loss.
How do poikilotherms manage heat gain in the intertidal zone?
Correct Answer By circulating body fluids to dissipate heat and
using evaporation for heat loss.
How do the atmospheric circulation cells mirror each other in
the Southern Hemisphere? Correct Answer The same
circulation cells (Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar) exist in the Southern
