DC US History 1301 Exam #2 Review Questions With Correctly Answered 100% Guaranteed Pass.

Role French and Indian War played in the American Revolution - correct answers The war provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war's expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolt Sugar Act - correct answers(1764) British deeply in debt partly to French & Indian War. English Parliament placed a tariff on sugar, coffee, wines, and molasses. colonists avoided the tax by smuggling and by bribing tax collectors. Stamp Act - correct answers an act passed by the British parliament in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents Sons of Liberty - correct answers A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere. Issue colonists had with Great Britain - correct answers The King and Parliament believed they had the right to tax the colonies. They decided to require several kinds of taxes from the colonists to help pay for the French and Indian War. These taxes included the Stamp Act, passed in 1765, which required the use of special paper bearing an embossed tax stamp for all legal documents. Other laws, such as the Townsend Acts, passed in 1767, required the colonists to pay taxes on imported goods like tea. Many colonists felt that they should not pay these taxes, because they were passed in England by Parliament, not by their own colonial governments. They protested, saying that these taxes violated their rights as British citizens Townshend Acts - correct answers A tax that the British Parliament passed in 1767 that was placed on leads, glass, paint and tea Boston Massacre - correct answers The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans Tea Act - correct answers1773 act which eliminated import tariffs on tea entering England and allowed the British East India Company to sell directly to consumers rather than through merchants. Led to the Boston Tea Party. Intolerable Acts - correct answersA series of laws set up by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for its protests against the British Lexington and Concord - correct answersApril 8, 1775: Gage leads 700 soldiers to confiscate colonial weapons and arrest Adam, and Hancock; April 19, 1775: 70 armed militia face British at Lexington (shot heard around the world); British retreat to Boston, suffer nearly 300 casualties along the way (concord) Battle of Bunker Hill - correct answersFirst major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths. Boston Tea Party - correct answersA 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor. Crispus Attucks - correct answersA free black man who was the first person killed in the Revolution at the Boston Massacre. First Continental Congress - correct answersThe First Continental Congress convened on September 5, 1774, to protest the Intolerable Acts. The congress endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, voted for a boycott of British imports, and sent a petition to King George III, conceding to Parliament the power of regulation of commerce but stringently objecting to its arbitrary taxation and unfair judicial system. Second Continental Congress - correct answersThey organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the comittee to draft the Declaration of Independence Lord Dunmore Proclamation - correct answersDunmore was the royal governor of Virginia. During the War for Independence, he offered freedom to slaves that fought for the British. Thomas Paine - correct answersAmerican Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution () Common Sense - correct answersA pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation Thomas Jefferson - correct answersAuthor of the Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence - correct answers1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain. American advantages/disadvantages in the American Revolution - correct answersAdvantages that helped the Americans win the Revolutionary War include: better leadership, foreign aid, knowledge of the land, and motivation. Disadvantages where that the Continental Army, for example, was inadequately supplied, poorly organized and understaffed. British advantages/disadvantages in the American Revolution - correct answersBritain's military was the best in the world. Their soldiers were well equipped, well disciplined, well paid, and well fed. The British navy dominated the seas. Funds were much more easily raised by the Empire than by the Continental Congress. One major disadvantage or weakness of the British army was that it was fighting in a distant land. Great Britain had to ship soldiers and supplies across the Atlantic, which was very costly, in order to fight the Revolutionary War. Blacks in the Revolution - correct answers5,000 blacks enlisted; most received freedom after war by VA legislature; RI formed a black regiment; many slaves escaped to join royal army to be free, "liberty is sweet"- Lund Washington Battle of Saratoga - correct answersAmerican victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution. Battle of Yorktown - correct answersLast major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781. Freedom for lower class - correct answersPost-War more white men could vote without owning land. Republican Motherhood - correct answersThe idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children Deborah Sampson - correct answersPatriot who disguised herself as a man and served in the Continental Army. Sarah Franklin Bache - correct answersDaughter of Benjamin Franklin, she helped lead the Ladies Association of Philadelphia raise money and make shirts for the Continental Army. Free Black Communities - correct answers1. After the war, free black communities with their own churches, schools, and leaders came into existence. 2. In all states except Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia, free black men who met taxpaying or property qualifications were "citizens of color" who could vote. 3. Despite the rhetoric of freedom, the war did not end slavery for blacks. Abolition Laws in the North - correct answersMost states in the North did not abolish slavery immediately. Instead, they passed "Gradual Emancipation" laws which called for a phasing out of slavery. With its statute of 1780, Pennsylvania became one of the first states to enact such legislation. Revolution and Native Americans - correct answersIndigenous people fought in the Revolution for Indian liberties and Indian homelands, not for the British empire. But the image of Native American participation presented in the Declaration of Independence prevailed: most Americans believed that Indians had backed monarchy and tyranny. Revolution and Catholics - correct answersPost-Revolution Catholics could finally hold public office. New State Constitutions and Voting - correct answersThe states now faced serious and complicated questions about how to make their rules. What did it mean to replace royal authority with institutions based on popular rule? How was "POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY" (the idea that the people were the highest authority) to be institutionalized in the new state governments? For that matter, who were "the people"? Every state chose to answer these questions in different ways based on distinctive local experiences, but in most cases colonial traditions were continued, but modified, so that the GOVERNOR (the executive) lost significant power, while the ASSEMBLIES (the legislative branch, which represented the people most directly) became much more important. Articles of Confederation strengths and weaknesses - correct answersStrength 1 Congress could declare war, and start an army and navy Strength 2 They could make peace and sign treaties Strength 3 They can borrow money Strength 4 They can organize a post office Weakness 1 They had no power to draft soldiers Weakness 2 They had no power to enforce treaties Weakness 3 They couldn't raise taxes to pay borrowed money back Weakness 4 They had no chief executive (president) Weakness 5 They had no national court system Weakness 6 They had no power to regulate interstate commerce (trade) Weakness 7 They had no national currency Weakness 8 It was difficult to pass laws, they needed a 2/3 vote Weakness 9 They needed a unanimous vote to change articles Northwest Ordinance of 1787 - correct answersCreated the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery Ordinance of 1784 - correct answersPlan of Thomas Jefferson to organize the national domain into discrete territories along with a three-stage development of government institutions. Shay's Rebellion - correct answersShays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes both on individuals and their trades; the fight took place mostly in and around Springfield during 1786 and 1787. Legislative Branch - correct answersthe branch of government that makes the laws Executive Branch - correct answersthe branch of government that carries out laws Judicial Branch - correct answersthe branch of government that interprets laws Virginia Plan - correct answersVirginia delegate James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population New Jersey Plan - correct answersThe proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population. Compromise between New Jersey/Virginia Plans - correct answersThe Connecticut Compromise established a bicameral legislature with the U.S. House of Representatives apportioned by population as desired by the Virginia Plan and the Senate granted equal votes per state as desired by the New Jersey Plan. Federalism - correct answersA system in which power is divided between the national and state governments Checks and Balances - correct answersA system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power 3/5 Compromise - correct answersthe decision at the Constitutional convention to count slaves as 3/5 of a person for the purpose of deciding the population and determining how many seats each state would have in Congress Federalists - correct answersA term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures. Antifederalists - correct answersOpponents of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government, generally. Bill of Rights - correct answersFirst 10 amendments to the Constitution U.S. Constitution - correct answersThe document written in 1787 and ratified in 1788 that sets forth the institutional structure of the U.S. government and the tasks these institutions perform. It replaced the Articles of Confederation.