PSYC 340 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
What are the two main types of goals associated with the
achievement goal theory?
Approach and avoidance
Mastery and performance
Mastery avoidance and mastery approach
Performance avoidance and performance approach
Mastery and performance
The major reason that people self-handicap seems to be to
be able to assign the responsibility for failure to internal causes
motivate themselves to work harder
project a competent image to others
protect their self-images
Protect their self-images
Suppose that you end up getting a very good grade on a test.
Which pattern of attributions most clearly reflects the operation
of the self-serving bias?
Both you and your instructor attribute the grade to effective
teaching.
Both you and your instructor attribute the grade to your solid
understanding of the material.
You attribute the grade to effective teaching, and your instructor
attributes the grade to solid understanding of the material.
,You attribute the grade to solid understanding of the material,
and your instructor attributes the grade to effective teaching.
You attribute the grade to solid understanding of the material,
and your instructor attributes the grade to effective teaching.
______ are more likely to be perpetrators of school violence,
and ______ are more likely to be victims of school violence.
Males; males
Males; females
Females; males
Females; females
Males; Males
Given what you have learned about extrinsic and intrinsic
motivation, which do you think influences the majority of your
behaviours? Use the self-determination theory to outline how an
individual can move from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation.
Include definitions of each type of motivation.
Give examples to illustrate your own primary motivation.
Define self-determination theory.
Outline the levels of motivation
Types of Motivation
intrinsic and extrinsic
intrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
extrinsic motivation
,a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or
avoid threatened punishment
self-determination theory
a theory of motivation that is concerned with the beneficial
effects of intrinsic motivation and the harmful effects of
extrinsic motivation
levels of motivation
global, contextual, situational
Define fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias. Give
an example of a situation in which you have used each. Compare
the purposes that these two concepts serve. What is the
relationship between them?
Define each concept.
Give examples that clearly illustrate each concept; these should
be personal rather than examples from the textbook.
Show that we tend to make the exact opposite
assumptions/errors in attributions for other people as we do for
ourselves; we assume internal factors are at the root of negative
outcomes for others (e.g., character flaws), but we assume
external factors are at the root of our own negative outcomes
(e.g., the difficulty level of academic exams or biases held by
employers who do not hire us).
Both of these cognitive errors serve to heighten our perception
of our own status/abilities/morality relative to that of other
people and to preserve our self-esteem
fundamental attribution error
, the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior,
to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate
the impact of personal disposition
self-serving bias
the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but
blame failure on external factors
cognitive errors
misconceptions and wrong assumptions
Need theories of motivation focus on ______, while process
theories of motivation focus on _______.
what; how
group; individual
negative; positive
cognition; influence
What; how
Current research and theories of leadership focus on leadership
as
the exercise of power for the advancement of one's career
the effective use of manipulation
an individual characteristic
a complex social dynamic
A complex social dynamic
Why do we use schemas?
Humans are born with schemas.
Schemas are taught to us in our early childhood.
SOLUTIONS
What are the two main types of goals associated with the
achievement goal theory?
Approach and avoidance
Mastery and performance
Mastery avoidance and mastery approach
Performance avoidance and performance approach
Mastery and performance
The major reason that people self-handicap seems to be to
be able to assign the responsibility for failure to internal causes
motivate themselves to work harder
project a competent image to others
protect their self-images
Protect their self-images
Suppose that you end up getting a very good grade on a test.
Which pattern of attributions most clearly reflects the operation
of the self-serving bias?
Both you and your instructor attribute the grade to effective
teaching.
Both you and your instructor attribute the grade to your solid
understanding of the material.
You attribute the grade to effective teaching, and your instructor
attributes the grade to solid understanding of the material.
,You attribute the grade to solid understanding of the material,
and your instructor attributes the grade to effective teaching.
You attribute the grade to solid understanding of the material,
and your instructor attributes the grade to effective teaching.
______ are more likely to be perpetrators of school violence,
and ______ are more likely to be victims of school violence.
Males; males
Males; females
Females; males
Females; females
Males; Males
Given what you have learned about extrinsic and intrinsic
motivation, which do you think influences the majority of your
behaviours? Use the self-determination theory to outline how an
individual can move from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation.
Include definitions of each type of motivation.
Give examples to illustrate your own primary motivation.
Define self-determination theory.
Outline the levels of motivation
Types of Motivation
intrinsic and extrinsic
intrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
extrinsic motivation
,a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or
avoid threatened punishment
self-determination theory
a theory of motivation that is concerned with the beneficial
effects of intrinsic motivation and the harmful effects of
extrinsic motivation
levels of motivation
global, contextual, situational
Define fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias. Give
an example of a situation in which you have used each. Compare
the purposes that these two concepts serve. What is the
relationship between them?
Define each concept.
Give examples that clearly illustrate each concept; these should
be personal rather than examples from the textbook.
Show that we tend to make the exact opposite
assumptions/errors in attributions for other people as we do for
ourselves; we assume internal factors are at the root of negative
outcomes for others (e.g., character flaws), but we assume
external factors are at the root of our own negative outcomes
(e.g., the difficulty level of academic exams or biases held by
employers who do not hire us).
Both of these cognitive errors serve to heighten our perception
of our own status/abilities/morality relative to that of other
people and to preserve our self-esteem
fundamental attribution error
, the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior,
to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate
the impact of personal disposition
self-serving bias
the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but
blame failure on external factors
cognitive errors
misconceptions and wrong assumptions
Need theories of motivation focus on ______, while process
theories of motivation focus on _______.
what; how
group; individual
negative; positive
cognition; influence
What; how
Current research and theories of leadership focus on leadership
as
the exercise of power for the advancement of one's career
the effective use of manipulation
an individual characteristic
a complex social dynamic
A complex social dynamic
Why do we use schemas?
Humans are born with schemas.
Schemas are taught to us in our early childhood.
