Test Bank for Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition by Tommie L Norris ISBN 9781975107192 Chapter 1-52 |Complete Guide A+.

TESTBANK
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,Test BankFor Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th edition Chapter 1:
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m Cell Structure and Function
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MULTIPLE CHOICE m




1. Although the basic structureof the cell plasma membrane is formed bya lipid bilayer, most
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ofthe specific membrane functions are carried out by:
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A) Bound andtransmembrane proteins m m m




B) Complex, longcarbohydrate chains m m m




C) Surface antigens and hormone receptors m m m m




D) A gatingsystem of selective ion channels
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Ans: A m




Feedback:

The functions of plasma membrane depend on the presence of proteins that are bound in the lipid bilayer
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and some that have the ability to pass freely into and out of the cell.
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Carbohydrate chains form a cell coat that surrounds the membrane and that contain surface antigens and
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surface hormone receptors. Some ion channels are gated and open only when the membrane potential
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changes significantly.
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1. Which describes the function of the nucleus? m m m m m m




A) It is basicallythe site of protein synthesis in the body.
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B) It contains the genetic code for the individual.
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C) It is the transformer of cellular energy.
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D) It initiates the process of aerobicmetabolism.
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Ans: B m




Feedback:

The nucleus contains DNA, which contains the genetic code that contains the information that
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controls cells. Ribosomes synthesize protein. Mitochondria transform organic compounds into
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cellular energy. Mitochondria require oxygen for aerobic metabolism, using hydrogen and carbon
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combined with oxygen molecules to form carbondioxide and water as energyis released.
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2. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed byribosomal
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,RNA(rRNA)? m




A) Copyingand carrying DNA instructions forprotein synthesis m m m m m m m




B) Carrying amino acids to the siteof protein synthesis m m m m m m m m




C) Providingthe site where protein synthesis occurs m m m m m m




D) Regulatingand controlling protein synthesis m m m m




Ans: C m




Feedback:

There arethree types of ribonucleic acid (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA) that
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move to the cytoplasm and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins.
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies and carries the DNA instructions for protein synthesis to the
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cytoplasm; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the site of protein synthesis; and transfer RNA (tRNA) transports
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amino acids to the site of protein synthesis for incorporation into the protein being synthesized.
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3. Whichaccuratelyexplains thefunctions of theorganelles lysosomes? They:
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A) Are sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and worn- out
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cell parts
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B) Function in association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modifyprotein end products and m m m m m m m m m m m m




package them into secretory granules or vesicles
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C) Aresmall particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in thesynthesis of proteins that
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remain in the cell as cytoplasmic structural or functional elements
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D) Are a dynamic system of interconnected membranous tubes that functions as a tubular
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communication system fortransportingvarious substances from onepart of the cell to another
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Ans: A m




Feedback:

Lysosomes are sacs that are filled with hydrolytic enzymes that aid in the processing and removal of
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unwanted substances within the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus functions in association with the
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endoplasmic reticulum to modifyand package substances in preparation for secretion, whereas
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ribosomes are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins. The ER
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is a tubular communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell to
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another.
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4. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in: m m m m m m m m

, A) Inadequatesites forprotein synthesis m m m m




B) An inabilityto transport cellular products across the cell membrane
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C) Insufficient energyproduction within a cell m m m m m




D) Accumulation of free radicals in thecytoplasm m m m m m m




Ans: D m




Feedback:

Peroxisomes function in the control of free radicals; unless degraded, these highlyunstable chemical
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compounds damage other cytoplasmic molecules. Peroxisomes do not directly contribute to energy
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production, protein synthesis, or transport of cellular secretions.
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5. Although energyis not madein mitochondria, they areknown as the “power plants” of the
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cell because they:
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A) Contain RNAfor protein synthesis m m m m




B) Utilizeglycolysis foroxidative energy
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C) Extract energyfrom organic compounds
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D) Storecalcium bonds for muscle contractions
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Ans: C m




Feedback:

Mitochondriacontain the enzymes needed for transformingorganic compounds into energythat is
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easily accessible to the cell. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Glycolysis is anaerobic
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metabolism and unrelated to oxidative energy. Mitochondria store phosphate bonds (such as in ATP)
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to power cellular functions.
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6. Semenanalysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which ofthe
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following cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
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A) Ribosomes

B) Microtubules

C) Mitochondria

D) Microfilaments
Ans: B m




Feedback:
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