ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th Edition by Goolsby test bank is not a book but rather exam practice questions and answers

TESTBANKFORADVANCEDASSESSMENT:
INTERPRETINGFINDINGSAND
i i i




FORMULATINGDIFFERENTIAL
i i




DIAGNOSES5THEDITION,MARYJO
i i i




GOOLSBY, LAURIEGRUBBSISBN-10;
i i i




1719645930/ISBN-13;978-1719645935
i i i i

,Chapter 1.Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
i i i i i i




Multiple Choice
i


Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
i i i i i i i i i i i




1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
i i i i i i i

A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. Whichof the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
i i i i i i i i i i i i i

A. Methodical and systematic i i


B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language i i i i i i i


C. Able to accuratelyinterpret the patient’s responses
i i i i i i


D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements i i i i i i




3. Essential parts of a health historyinclude all of the following except:
i i i i i i i i i i i



A. Chief complaint i


B. Historyof the present illness i i i i


C. Current vital signs i i


D. All of the above are essential history components
i i i i i i i




4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

to: i


A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings i i i i i


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
i i i i i i i i i i i i


C. Recognizehow certain conditions affect the response to other conditions i i i i i i i i i


D. Foresee unpredictable findings i i




5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
i i i i i i i i i i i

A. Evidence-based investigations i


B. Primary reports of research i i i


C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience i i i i i


D. Published meta-analyses i




6. Thefollowing can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
i i i i i i i i i i



A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article i i i i i i


B. Clinical practice guidelines i i


C. Evidence-based research i


D. All of the above i i i




7. If a diagnostic studyhas high sensitivity, this indicates a:
i i i i i i i i i

A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
i i i i i i i i i i i i


B. Lowpercentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
i i i i i i i i i i i i


C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
i i i i i i i i i i


D. None of the above i i i

, 8. If a diagnostic studyhas high specificity, this indicates a:
i i i i i i i i i


A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
i i i i i i i i i


B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
i i i i i i i i i


C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
i i i i i i i i i i i


D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
i i i i i i i i i i i




9. Alikelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
i i i i i i i i i i


A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
i i i i i i i


B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
i i i i i i i i i


C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
i i i i i i i


D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
i i i i i i i i i




i 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i


mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i


patients?
i


A. Clinical practice guideline
i i


B. Clinical decision rule i i


C. Clinical algorithm i


D. Clinical recommendation i

, Answer Section
i




MULTIPLE CHOICEi




1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and
i i i i i i i i i i i


analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making) is based on the
i i i i i i i i i i i


experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors. In
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i


contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with
i i i i i i i i i i i i i


rare errors.
i i




PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal and
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i


nonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rather
i i i i i i i i i i i i i


than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
i i i i i i i i i i i i




PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital signs arepart of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the health
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i


history.
i




PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal
i i i i i i i i i i i i i


and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i


and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions, and
i i i i i i i i i i i i i


distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
i i i i i i i




PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published
i i i i i i i i i i i


meta-analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available for
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i


application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, although
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i


these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which to base
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i


clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reasoning be
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i


based on scientific evidence. Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop
i i i i i i i i i i i i i


resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
i i i i i




PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a numberof evidence-based resources havebeen developed to
i i i i i i i i i i i i i


assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines, assist in clinical
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i


reasoning when properly applied.
i i i i