NURS 405 Exam 1 Exam 2026 Questions
and Answers
atropine - Correct answer-anticholinergic
indicated for sinus bradycardia, juncitonal escape rhythm, wenckebachs HB
**raises HR
- side effects: tachycardia, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention
sinus bradycardia - Correct answer-normal sinus rythm with HR <60 bpm often
caused by an MI, hypothyroidism, hypothermia, medications (BB, CCB, digoxin,
amniodarone)
tx underlying cause, atropine or pacing
sinus tachycardia: - Correct answer-normal sinus rythm with HR 100-140, often
cuased by stress, anemia, fever, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, shock,
hypoxia, drugs, HF, or pain
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,tx: you must treat the underlying cause, then try BB or diltiazem
diltiazem - Correct answer-calcium channel blocker that slows the HR
indications: sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter, afib with RVR (watch BP)
premature atrial contraction - Correct answer-when abnormal p wave is fired,
however all QRS remain normal
- caused by MI, electrolyte imbalance, or COPD
TX: none needed just monitor
supraventricular tachycardia - Correct answer-rapid atrial ctx. >150 with narrow
QRS
- from accessary pathways, MI, stimulants, CAD or COPD
TX: carotid massage-> ADENOSINE, BB, CCB, cardioversion or abalation
carotid massage - Correct answer-aggressive rub on carotid artery to stimulate
vagal response in baroreceptors (SVT)
adenosine - Correct answer-IV push from for SVT
-extremely short half life
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,- causes a breif pause until AV node resets
atrial flutter - Correct answer-rapid atrial rate (250-300), with variable ventricular
rate
- no p waves
QRS in 2;1, 3;1, or 4;1 ratio
-LOSS OF ATRIAL KICK AND RISK FOR AFIB/ EMBOLIZATION
treatment: diltiazem, amniodarone, flecainide, multaq, cardioversion or ablation
amniodarone - Correct answer-antiarythmic
indications: atrial flutter/ afib with RVR(dont need to watch BP), vtach
atrial fibrillation - Correct answer-- variable ventricular rate
- no p waves
IRREGULARLY IRREGULAR
- loss of atrial kick/ embolization risk
afib treatments - Correct answer-- rate control with RVR
heparin for rapid anticoagulation/ or long term
- chemical antiarrythmic( amniodarone)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, -cardioversion to restore rythm
rate control for afib with RVR - Correct answer-1. diltiazem (watch BP)
2. amniodarone
3. digoxin (narrow therapeutic index)
digoxin - Correct answer-indicated for afib with RVR when blood pressure is a
concern
**narrow therapeutic index
anticoagulation options for afib - Correct answer-1. aspirin
2. warfarin (requires INR monitoring 2-3)
3. pradaxa
4 eliquis
what are the warfarin ranges and what do they mean? - Correct answer-should be
between 2-3
- 1.5 (<2) means that they need a higher dose because they are clotting too quickly
-5 (>3) they need a lower dose because they are taking too long and at risk ford
bleeding
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
and Answers
atropine - Correct answer-anticholinergic
indicated for sinus bradycardia, juncitonal escape rhythm, wenckebachs HB
**raises HR
- side effects: tachycardia, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention
sinus bradycardia - Correct answer-normal sinus rythm with HR <60 bpm often
caused by an MI, hypothyroidism, hypothermia, medications (BB, CCB, digoxin,
amniodarone)
tx underlying cause, atropine or pacing
sinus tachycardia: - Correct answer-normal sinus rythm with HR 100-140, often
cuased by stress, anemia, fever, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, shock,
hypoxia, drugs, HF, or pain
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,tx: you must treat the underlying cause, then try BB or diltiazem
diltiazem - Correct answer-calcium channel blocker that slows the HR
indications: sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter, afib with RVR (watch BP)
premature atrial contraction - Correct answer-when abnormal p wave is fired,
however all QRS remain normal
- caused by MI, electrolyte imbalance, or COPD
TX: none needed just monitor
supraventricular tachycardia - Correct answer-rapid atrial ctx. >150 with narrow
QRS
- from accessary pathways, MI, stimulants, CAD or COPD
TX: carotid massage-> ADENOSINE, BB, CCB, cardioversion or abalation
carotid massage - Correct answer-aggressive rub on carotid artery to stimulate
vagal response in baroreceptors (SVT)
adenosine - Correct answer-IV push from for SVT
-extremely short half life
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,- causes a breif pause until AV node resets
atrial flutter - Correct answer-rapid atrial rate (250-300), with variable ventricular
rate
- no p waves
QRS in 2;1, 3;1, or 4;1 ratio
-LOSS OF ATRIAL KICK AND RISK FOR AFIB/ EMBOLIZATION
treatment: diltiazem, amniodarone, flecainide, multaq, cardioversion or ablation
amniodarone - Correct answer-antiarythmic
indications: atrial flutter/ afib with RVR(dont need to watch BP), vtach
atrial fibrillation - Correct answer-- variable ventricular rate
- no p waves
IRREGULARLY IRREGULAR
- loss of atrial kick/ embolization risk
afib treatments - Correct answer-- rate control with RVR
heparin for rapid anticoagulation/ or long term
- chemical antiarrythmic( amniodarone)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, -cardioversion to restore rythm
rate control for afib with RVR - Correct answer-1. diltiazem (watch BP)
2. amniodarone
3. digoxin (narrow therapeutic index)
digoxin - Correct answer-indicated for afib with RVR when blood pressure is a
concern
**narrow therapeutic index
anticoagulation options for afib - Correct answer-1. aspirin
2. warfarin (requires INR monitoring 2-3)
3. pradaxa
4 eliquis
what are the warfarin ranges and what do they mean? - Correct answer-should be
between 2-3
- 1.5 (<2) means that they need a higher dose because they are clotting too quickly
-5 (>3) they need a lower dose because they are taking too long and at risk ford
bleeding
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
