UCF - Human Physiology Lecture Exam 2/UCF - Human
Physiology - Dr. Raheleh Ahangari - Fall With complete
solu"on New!!
Nervous system has 3 parts: - CORRECT ANSWERS Motor, sensory and autonomic
ANS - CORRECT ANSWERS Automa c processes (breathing and blood pressure) and
Innerva on of internal organs in abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity and smooth muscle of
bloodless cells
Two parts of ANS - CORRECT ANSWERS Sympathe c and Parasympathe c
Sympathe c system - CORRECT ANSWERS This system is ac vated when the body is ac ve and
it increases heart rate, increases contrac lity of myocardium, relaxes m. of bronchi, contracts
blood vessels, increases blood flow, increase blood pressure, s mulates sweat glands and
inhibits diges ve system
Loca on of Sympathe c - CORRECT ANSWERS Spinal cord from T1-L2/L3 (Thoracolumbar) and
occurs in: heart, lung, sweat glands and blood vessels
Parasympathe c system - CORRECT ANSWERS This system is ac ve when you are res ng
("Rest and digest") and it decreases heart rate, decreases respiratory system, increases diges ve
system, increases secre on of gastric hormones
Loca on of Parasympathe c - CORRECT ANSWERS Brain stem (CN 3, 7, 9, 10), pelvic
splanchnic nerve and sacral por on of spinal cord (S2-S4)
Sympathe c system physiological steps - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Pre-ganglionic
,2. Sympathe c chain
3. Post-ganglionic
4. Internal organ
Norepinephrine on Alpha 1 receptors - CORRECT ANSWERS *Loca on: blood vessel, urinary
bladder, GI tract
1. Norepinephrine binds to Alpha 1 receptor
2. Ac vates a protein which normally exists in cytoplasm called g-protein. G protein itself has 3
subunits: alpha, beta and gamma (only need alpha in this case) and alpha has 2 subunits: S
(s mulator) and I (inhibitor). Ac vates G protein alpha S
3. Ac vates phospholipase-C
4. A9er, it ac vated another enzyme IP3
5. Ac vates S4 (sarcoplasmic re culum)
6. Releasing of Calcium into cytoplasm from SR
7. Concentra on of Ca increases in cytoplasm then it binds to troponin-C (ac vates
microfilaments and causes muscle contrac on) Contrac on and constric on is purpose
Norepinephrine on Alpha 2 receptors - CORRECT ANSWERS *Loca on: GI tract, fat cells, pre-
synap c compartment, etc.
1. Norepinephrine binds to alpha-2 receptor
2. Ac vates G-protein Alpha I
3. Prevents AC (adenylate cyclase)
4. Decreases intracellular energy (CAMP)
5. Inhibi on occurs; relaxa on or dila on of smooth muscle
Excess norepinephrine binding to alpha can cause? - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypertension
,Norepinephrine on Beta 1 receptors - CORRECT ANSWERS *Loca on: heart in SA node, AV
node and myocardium
1. Norepinephrine binds to Beta-1 receptor
2. Ac vated G-protein alpha S
3. Ac vates AC
4. Increases CAMP (intracellular energy)
5. Shows its physiological reac on: increases heart rate, contrac lity of myocardium and
conduc on velocity (related to SA/AV nodes)
When pa ent has tachycardia due to exceess norepinephrine, you can use what to decrease
heart rate? - CORRECT ANSWERS Beta-1 blocker (called propranolol)
Norepinephrine on Beta 2 receptors - CORRECT ANSWERS *Loca on: urinary bladder
sphincter and respiratory system (smooth muscle of bronchi)
1. Norepinephrine binds to Beta-2 receptor
2. Ac vates G protein alpha s
3. Ac vates AC
4. Increases CAMP
5. Effect: relaxes smooth muscle
Asthma pa ents use medica ons that affect what norepinephrine receptor? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Beta-2 (albuterol)
Differences in sympathe c and parasympathe c - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. The pre-ganglionic
fiber of sympathe c system is shorter than parasympathe c
2. The pre-ganglionic fiber of parasympathe c travels toward the wall of internal organs and
then has synapse with post-ganglionic fibers inside wall but pre-ganglionic of sympathe c
synapses with post-ganglionic fiber inside the sympathe c chain/ganglia
, 3. The neurotransmiEer of pre-ganglionic fiber of sympathe c is ACH and post-ganglionic fiber
of sympathe c is norepinephrine but parasympathe c neurotransmiEers in both pre-ganglionic
and post-ganglionic is ACH
4. Name of receptor for norepinephrine is adrenergic receptor and receptor for ACH is
cholinergic receptor (cholinergic has muscarinic and nico nic receptors)
Adrenergic receptor - CORRECT ANSWERS ACH Sympathe c receptor with mul ple types such
as alpha and beta
Muscarinic receptor - CORRECT ANSWERS An ACH parasympathe c receptor (ex: heart)
Nico nic receptor - CORRECT ANSWERS An ACH parasympathe c receptor (ex: GI tract)
Cholinergic receptor - CORRECT ANSWERS ACH parasympathe c receptor with two types
Medulla - CORRECT ANSWERS Respiratory, vomi ng, swallowing, coughing, etc.
Pons - CORRECT ANSWERS Pneumotaxic center
Midbrain - CORRECT ANSWERS Urinary system
Hypothalmus - CORRECT ANSWERS Contains many nuclei (hypothalamic nuclei) that contains
certain neurons that control many things such as: appe te, body temp, sleep, learning, memory,
sexual behavior, emo onal behavior, sympathe c, parasympathe c, endocrine (most important)
and brain stem
Effects of ANS on heart - CORRECT ANSWERS o Sympathe c: Beta-1 posi ve chronotropic
(heart rate) and beta-1 posi ve Dromotropic (contrac lity of myocardium and conduc on
velocity)
Physiology - Dr. Raheleh Ahangari - Fall With complete
solu"on New!!
Nervous system has 3 parts: - CORRECT ANSWERS Motor, sensory and autonomic
ANS - CORRECT ANSWERS Automa c processes (breathing and blood pressure) and
Innerva on of internal organs in abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity and smooth muscle of
bloodless cells
Two parts of ANS - CORRECT ANSWERS Sympathe c and Parasympathe c
Sympathe c system - CORRECT ANSWERS This system is ac vated when the body is ac ve and
it increases heart rate, increases contrac lity of myocardium, relaxes m. of bronchi, contracts
blood vessels, increases blood flow, increase blood pressure, s mulates sweat glands and
inhibits diges ve system
Loca on of Sympathe c - CORRECT ANSWERS Spinal cord from T1-L2/L3 (Thoracolumbar) and
occurs in: heart, lung, sweat glands and blood vessels
Parasympathe c system - CORRECT ANSWERS This system is ac ve when you are res ng
("Rest and digest") and it decreases heart rate, decreases respiratory system, increases diges ve
system, increases secre on of gastric hormones
Loca on of Parasympathe c - CORRECT ANSWERS Brain stem (CN 3, 7, 9, 10), pelvic
splanchnic nerve and sacral por on of spinal cord (S2-S4)
Sympathe c system physiological steps - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Pre-ganglionic
,2. Sympathe c chain
3. Post-ganglionic
4. Internal organ
Norepinephrine on Alpha 1 receptors - CORRECT ANSWERS *Loca on: blood vessel, urinary
bladder, GI tract
1. Norepinephrine binds to Alpha 1 receptor
2. Ac vates a protein which normally exists in cytoplasm called g-protein. G protein itself has 3
subunits: alpha, beta and gamma (only need alpha in this case) and alpha has 2 subunits: S
(s mulator) and I (inhibitor). Ac vates G protein alpha S
3. Ac vates phospholipase-C
4. A9er, it ac vated another enzyme IP3
5. Ac vates S4 (sarcoplasmic re culum)
6. Releasing of Calcium into cytoplasm from SR
7. Concentra on of Ca increases in cytoplasm then it binds to troponin-C (ac vates
microfilaments and causes muscle contrac on) Contrac on and constric on is purpose
Norepinephrine on Alpha 2 receptors - CORRECT ANSWERS *Loca on: GI tract, fat cells, pre-
synap c compartment, etc.
1. Norepinephrine binds to alpha-2 receptor
2. Ac vates G-protein Alpha I
3. Prevents AC (adenylate cyclase)
4. Decreases intracellular energy (CAMP)
5. Inhibi on occurs; relaxa on or dila on of smooth muscle
Excess norepinephrine binding to alpha can cause? - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypertension
,Norepinephrine on Beta 1 receptors - CORRECT ANSWERS *Loca on: heart in SA node, AV
node and myocardium
1. Norepinephrine binds to Beta-1 receptor
2. Ac vated G-protein alpha S
3. Ac vates AC
4. Increases CAMP (intracellular energy)
5. Shows its physiological reac on: increases heart rate, contrac lity of myocardium and
conduc on velocity (related to SA/AV nodes)
When pa ent has tachycardia due to exceess norepinephrine, you can use what to decrease
heart rate? - CORRECT ANSWERS Beta-1 blocker (called propranolol)
Norepinephrine on Beta 2 receptors - CORRECT ANSWERS *Loca on: urinary bladder
sphincter and respiratory system (smooth muscle of bronchi)
1. Norepinephrine binds to Beta-2 receptor
2. Ac vates G protein alpha s
3. Ac vates AC
4. Increases CAMP
5. Effect: relaxes smooth muscle
Asthma pa ents use medica ons that affect what norepinephrine receptor? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Beta-2 (albuterol)
Differences in sympathe c and parasympathe c - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. The pre-ganglionic
fiber of sympathe c system is shorter than parasympathe c
2. The pre-ganglionic fiber of parasympathe c travels toward the wall of internal organs and
then has synapse with post-ganglionic fibers inside wall but pre-ganglionic of sympathe c
synapses with post-ganglionic fiber inside the sympathe c chain/ganglia
, 3. The neurotransmiEer of pre-ganglionic fiber of sympathe c is ACH and post-ganglionic fiber
of sympathe c is norepinephrine but parasympathe c neurotransmiEers in both pre-ganglionic
and post-ganglionic is ACH
4. Name of receptor for norepinephrine is adrenergic receptor and receptor for ACH is
cholinergic receptor (cholinergic has muscarinic and nico nic receptors)
Adrenergic receptor - CORRECT ANSWERS ACH Sympathe c receptor with mul ple types such
as alpha and beta
Muscarinic receptor - CORRECT ANSWERS An ACH parasympathe c receptor (ex: heart)
Nico nic receptor - CORRECT ANSWERS An ACH parasympathe c receptor (ex: GI tract)
Cholinergic receptor - CORRECT ANSWERS ACH parasympathe c receptor with two types
Medulla - CORRECT ANSWERS Respiratory, vomi ng, swallowing, coughing, etc.
Pons - CORRECT ANSWERS Pneumotaxic center
Midbrain - CORRECT ANSWERS Urinary system
Hypothalmus - CORRECT ANSWERS Contains many nuclei (hypothalamic nuclei) that contains
certain neurons that control many things such as: appe te, body temp, sleep, learning, memory,
sexual behavior, emo onal behavior, sympathe c, parasympathe c, endocrine (most important)
and brain stem
Effects of ANS on heart - CORRECT ANSWERS o Sympathe c: Beta-1 posi ve chronotropic
(heart rate) and beta-1 posi ve Dromotropic (contrac lity of myocardium and conduc on
velocity)
