BIOL 235 Exam Study Guide with Revision
Questions and Correct Answers
Erythrocytes contain the enzyme - ✔✔carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes - ✔✔the conversion of metabolically produced C)2 and water
into carbonic acid
fixed phagocytic macrophages - ✔✔remove most old erythrocytes from circulation
Location of fixed phagocytic macrophages - ✔✔narrow capillaries of the spleen
Undifferentiated cells called pluripotent stem cells reside - ✔✔in the bone marrow
pluripotent stem cells - ✔✔continuously divide and develop myeloid stem cells and lymphoid
stem cells to give rise to each of the types of blood cells
emigration or diapedesis - ✔✔The process of leukocytes squeezing through the capillary
endothelium to exit the vasculature
,agglutinins - ✔✔genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on the
surface of an erythrocyte
ESV - ✔✔volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed
Increase in ESV when - ✔✔stroke volume is decreased
Three cations with important effect on heart function - ✔✔K+, Ca2+, and Na+
Increased blood levels of NA+ - ✔✔blocks Ca2+ inflow and decreases force of contraction
Excess in K+ - ✔✔blocks generation of action potentials
pharynx - ✔✔serves as a sound resonating chamber, contains tonsils, directs air flow
inferiorly
larynx - ✔✔passes air form pharynx into windpipe, site of sound production
paranasal sinuses - ✔✔resonates sound, not part of the pharynx
,fauces - ✔✔opening from oral cavity into pharynx
tertiary bronchus - ✔✔carries air to a segment of a lung
terminal bronchiole - ✔✔carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole
pleural membranes - ✔✔surround the lungs
surfactant - ✔✔reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange
alveoli - ✔✔actual sites of gas exchange
eupnea - ✔✔normal, quiet breathing
costal breathing - ✔✔shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles
compliance - ✔✔amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall
, inspiratory capacity - ✔✔tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600 mL
in males
vital capacity - ✔✔tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume;
usually about 4800 mL in males
functional residual capacity - ✔✔residual volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about
2400 mL in males
Henry's law - ✔✔states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to
the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility
Bohr effect - ✔✔when pH decreases, O2 saturation of hemoglobin decreases
Dalton's law - ✔✔each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own partial pressure
medulla oblongata - ✔✔sets basic rhythm of breathing
pons - ✔✔includes the pontine respiratory group
Questions and Correct Answers
Erythrocytes contain the enzyme - ✔✔carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes - ✔✔the conversion of metabolically produced C)2 and water
into carbonic acid
fixed phagocytic macrophages - ✔✔remove most old erythrocytes from circulation
Location of fixed phagocytic macrophages - ✔✔narrow capillaries of the spleen
Undifferentiated cells called pluripotent stem cells reside - ✔✔in the bone marrow
pluripotent stem cells - ✔✔continuously divide and develop myeloid stem cells and lymphoid
stem cells to give rise to each of the types of blood cells
emigration or diapedesis - ✔✔The process of leukocytes squeezing through the capillary
endothelium to exit the vasculature
,agglutinins - ✔✔genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on the
surface of an erythrocyte
ESV - ✔✔volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed
Increase in ESV when - ✔✔stroke volume is decreased
Three cations with important effect on heart function - ✔✔K+, Ca2+, and Na+
Increased blood levels of NA+ - ✔✔blocks Ca2+ inflow and decreases force of contraction
Excess in K+ - ✔✔blocks generation of action potentials
pharynx - ✔✔serves as a sound resonating chamber, contains tonsils, directs air flow
inferiorly
larynx - ✔✔passes air form pharynx into windpipe, site of sound production
paranasal sinuses - ✔✔resonates sound, not part of the pharynx
,fauces - ✔✔opening from oral cavity into pharynx
tertiary bronchus - ✔✔carries air to a segment of a lung
terminal bronchiole - ✔✔carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole
pleural membranes - ✔✔surround the lungs
surfactant - ✔✔reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange
alveoli - ✔✔actual sites of gas exchange
eupnea - ✔✔normal, quiet breathing
costal breathing - ✔✔shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles
compliance - ✔✔amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall
, inspiratory capacity - ✔✔tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600 mL
in males
vital capacity - ✔✔tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume;
usually about 4800 mL in males
functional residual capacity - ✔✔residual volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about
2400 mL in males
Henry's law - ✔✔states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to
the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility
Bohr effect - ✔✔when pH decreases, O2 saturation of hemoglobin decreases
Dalton's law - ✔✔each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own partial pressure
medulla oblongata - ✔✔sets basic rhythm of breathing
pons - ✔✔includes the pontine respiratory group
