NUR 370 Final Exam 2 Questions and
Verified Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
What is the difference between the factors responsible for fluid and electrolyte imbalances for
adults and children? - Answer In children, a larger part of their total body weight is made up of
fluid. Also, a larger part of their fluid is in the ECF.
What is insensible fluid loss? - Answer Loss of fluid through the skin (2/3) and the respiratory
tract (1/3)
Influenced by heat and humidity, body temp, and RR
What causes hyponatremia and what are its symptoms? - Answer It's associated with
increased GI output (vomiting, diarrhea, etc), diuretics, sweating and renal disease.
S/S: headache, muscle weakness, abdominal cramps, lethargy, oliguria, and cerebral edema
What causes hypernatremia and what are its symptoms? - Answer It's associated with excess
intake or an increased water loss related to sodium loss (watery diarrhea).
S/S: edema, flushed skin, dry mucous membranes, elevated temp, intense thirst, **risk for
seizures
What causes hypokalemia and what are its symptoms? - Answer It's associated with loss of GI
fluids or hydration with IV fluids that don't adequately replace body fluid losses.
S/S: lethargy, confusion, dizziness, arrhythmias, diarrhea, hypotension and EKG chages
What causes hyperkalemia and what are its symptoms? - Answer It's associated with tissue
necrosis, hemolysis, renal failure, or rapid infusion of IV potassium.
S/S: abdominal cramps, muscle weakness, arrhythmias, EKG changes, and potential cardiac
arrest.
What should you ALWAYS check is occurring before administering potassium? - Answer
Urinary output
Chloride Imbalances - Answer Directly mimics hypernatremia
, What does Aldosterone hormone cause? - Answer Aldosterone causes distal renal tubules to
reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium.
What are the ABG values for kids? - Answer pH: 7.37-7.49
PaCO2: 32-48
HCO3: 18-25
What causes respiratory acidosis? - Answer Inadequate ventilation
CNS or neuromuscular issues
Pnumothorox
What causes respiratory alkalosis? - Answer Hyperventilation
HF
Hepatic failure
Fever
What causes metabolic acidosis? - Answer DKA
Diarrhea
Renal Failure
Shock
What causes metabolic alkalosis? - Answer Vomiting
Prolonged NG suction
Hypokalemia
Diuretics
What happens during isotonic dehydration? - Answer - Loss of electrolytes and loss of water
are approximately equal
- Sodium remain within normal limits
- Increased heart rate that becomes thready and weak
- Increased BP
Verified Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
What is the difference between the factors responsible for fluid and electrolyte imbalances for
adults and children? - Answer In children, a larger part of their total body weight is made up of
fluid. Also, a larger part of their fluid is in the ECF.
What is insensible fluid loss? - Answer Loss of fluid through the skin (2/3) and the respiratory
tract (1/3)
Influenced by heat and humidity, body temp, and RR
What causes hyponatremia and what are its symptoms? - Answer It's associated with
increased GI output (vomiting, diarrhea, etc), diuretics, sweating and renal disease.
S/S: headache, muscle weakness, abdominal cramps, lethargy, oliguria, and cerebral edema
What causes hypernatremia and what are its symptoms? - Answer It's associated with excess
intake or an increased water loss related to sodium loss (watery diarrhea).
S/S: edema, flushed skin, dry mucous membranes, elevated temp, intense thirst, **risk for
seizures
What causes hypokalemia and what are its symptoms? - Answer It's associated with loss of GI
fluids or hydration with IV fluids that don't adequately replace body fluid losses.
S/S: lethargy, confusion, dizziness, arrhythmias, diarrhea, hypotension and EKG chages
What causes hyperkalemia and what are its symptoms? - Answer It's associated with tissue
necrosis, hemolysis, renal failure, or rapid infusion of IV potassium.
S/S: abdominal cramps, muscle weakness, arrhythmias, EKG changes, and potential cardiac
arrest.
What should you ALWAYS check is occurring before administering potassium? - Answer
Urinary output
Chloride Imbalances - Answer Directly mimics hypernatremia
, What does Aldosterone hormone cause? - Answer Aldosterone causes distal renal tubules to
reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium.
What are the ABG values for kids? - Answer pH: 7.37-7.49
PaCO2: 32-48
HCO3: 18-25
What causes respiratory acidosis? - Answer Inadequate ventilation
CNS or neuromuscular issues
Pnumothorox
What causes respiratory alkalosis? - Answer Hyperventilation
HF
Hepatic failure
Fever
What causes metabolic acidosis? - Answer DKA
Diarrhea
Renal Failure
Shock
What causes metabolic alkalosis? - Answer Vomiting
Prolonged NG suction
Hypokalemia
Diuretics
What happens during isotonic dehydration? - Answer - Loss of electrolytes and loss of water
are approximately equal
- Sodium remain within normal limits
- Increased heart rate that becomes thready and weak
- Increased BP
