VNSG 1400 & 1423 EXAM 1 STUDY
GUIDE AND ACTUAL ANSWERS 2025.
microorganism - Answer Tiny living bodies that cannot be seen with the naked eye; can only
be seen with the microscope and are present in the human body and in the environment.
pathogen - Answer microorganisms that cause infection in humans, they reproduce rapidly
and can spread from one area to another
-bacteria
-viruses
-fungus
-protozoa
Bacteria - Answer single-celled organisms
Joseph Lister (1827-1912) - Answer 1. Used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs
2. First doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery
3. Father of aseptic technique
infection prevention and control - Answer the implementation of policies and procedures in
hospitals and other health care facilities to minimize the spread of health-care associated or
community acquired infections to patients and other staff members.
Asepsis - Answer absence of pathogenic microorganisms
Medical asepsis - Answer Clean technique
- Techniques that inhibit the growth and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms
-used in daily activities such as hand hygiene, changing patients linens
surgical asepsis - Answer Sterile technique
- techniques designed to destroy all microorganisms and their spores
,5. portal of entry
6. susceptible host
What is an effective way to disrupt the chain of infection? - Answer medical asepsis (hand
hygiene)
Disinfection - Answer the use of chemicals to kill pathogens that are present on nonliving
objects
antiseptic - Answer a substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of
microorganisms and may be used on humans
Aerobic bacteria - Answer bacteria that only grows in the presence of oxygen
anaerobic bacteria - Answer bacteria that only grows in the absence of oxygen
Spore - Answer round body that is formed by the bacterium when conditions are unfavorable
for growth of the bacterium
Gram-positive bacteria - Answer stains purple
Gram-negative bacteria - Answer stains red
Staphylococcus aureus - Answer gram positive cocci
Proven to be responsible for a number of serious and sometimes fatal infections
Rocky mountain spotted fever - Answer Rickettsia rickettsii
transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick.
Bacillus anthracis - Answer spore forming bacteria causes anthrax. Acquired by inhaling
endospores in soil, animal hides, and wool. Bioterrorism agent.
, Vector - Answer an insect, tick or mite that spreads infection when it bites a human or animal
Protozoa - Answer single celled animals that live in water, they can be ingested though
infected food and water and cause intestinal illness
Fungui - Answer may be made up of one or more cells.
cause illness when they enter the body through cuts and cracks
Helminths - Answer Parasitic worms
can inhabit the digestive tract of humans
can enter the body through the mouth from contaminated food
Antibiotics are only effective against? - Answer Bacteria not against any other type of
microorganism
Chain of infection
Infection agent - Answer Causative organism or pathogen
Chain of infection
Reservoir - Answer Place the organism grows and reproduces
Chain of infection
Portal of exit - Answer Method by which the organism leaves the reservoir
Chain of infection
mode of transmission - Answer vehicle by which the organism enters the new host
Chain of infection
Portal of entry - Answer method by which the organism enters a new host
Chain of infection
Susceptible host - Answer Body of person who the organism has entered
GUIDE AND ACTUAL ANSWERS 2025.
microorganism - Answer Tiny living bodies that cannot be seen with the naked eye; can only
be seen with the microscope and are present in the human body and in the environment.
pathogen - Answer microorganisms that cause infection in humans, they reproduce rapidly
and can spread from one area to another
-bacteria
-viruses
-fungus
-protozoa
Bacteria - Answer single-celled organisms
Joseph Lister (1827-1912) - Answer 1. Used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs
2. First doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery
3. Father of aseptic technique
infection prevention and control - Answer the implementation of policies and procedures in
hospitals and other health care facilities to minimize the spread of health-care associated or
community acquired infections to patients and other staff members.
Asepsis - Answer absence of pathogenic microorganisms
Medical asepsis - Answer Clean technique
- Techniques that inhibit the growth and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms
-used in daily activities such as hand hygiene, changing patients linens
surgical asepsis - Answer Sterile technique
- techniques designed to destroy all microorganisms and their spores
,5. portal of entry
6. susceptible host
What is an effective way to disrupt the chain of infection? - Answer medical asepsis (hand
hygiene)
Disinfection - Answer the use of chemicals to kill pathogens that are present on nonliving
objects
antiseptic - Answer a substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of
microorganisms and may be used on humans
Aerobic bacteria - Answer bacteria that only grows in the presence of oxygen
anaerobic bacteria - Answer bacteria that only grows in the absence of oxygen
Spore - Answer round body that is formed by the bacterium when conditions are unfavorable
for growth of the bacterium
Gram-positive bacteria - Answer stains purple
Gram-negative bacteria - Answer stains red
Staphylococcus aureus - Answer gram positive cocci
Proven to be responsible for a number of serious and sometimes fatal infections
Rocky mountain spotted fever - Answer Rickettsia rickettsii
transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick.
Bacillus anthracis - Answer spore forming bacteria causes anthrax. Acquired by inhaling
endospores in soil, animal hides, and wool. Bioterrorism agent.
, Vector - Answer an insect, tick or mite that spreads infection when it bites a human or animal
Protozoa - Answer single celled animals that live in water, they can be ingested though
infected food and water and cause intestinal illness
Fungui - Answer may be made up of one or more cells.
cause illness when they enter the body through cuts and cracks
Helminths - Answer Parasitic worms
can inhabit the digestive tract of humans
can enter the body through the mouth from contaminated food
Antibiotics are only effective against? - Answer Bacteria not against any other type of
microorganism
Chain of infection
Infection agent - Answer Causative organism or pathogen
Chain of infection
Reservoir - Answer Place the organism grows and reproduces
Chain of infection
Portal of exit - Answer Method by which the organism leaves the reservoir
Chain of infection
mode of transmission - Answer vehicle by which the organism enters the new host
Chain of infection
Portal of entry - Answer method by which the organism enters a new host
Chain of infection
Susceptible host - Answer Body of person who the organism has entered
