NST1502 Assignment
4 PORTFOLIO
(COMPLETE ANSWERS)
2025 - DUE 2 October
2025
NO PLAGIARISM
[Pick the date]
[Type the company name]
,Exam (elaborations)
NST1502 Assignment 4 PORTFOLIO
(COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2025 - DUE 2
October 2025
Course
Natural Science and Technology for classroom II (NST1502)
Institution
University Of South Africa (Unisa)
Book
New Natural Science and Technology
NST1502 Assignment 4 PORTFOLIO (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2025 - DUE 2
October 2025 ; 100% TRUSTED Complete, trusted solutions and
explanations.
QUESTION 1 1.1 Define Kinetic energy. (2) 1.2 Explain how energy is
transferred in an ecosystem. (2) 1.3 What is the main purpose of
photosynthesis in plants? (2) 1.4 What is cellular respiration? (2) 1.5
Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (4) 1.6 What is the role of ATP in
cellular processes? (2) 1.7 Explain how ATP is synthesized in the
mitochondria. (3) 1.8 What does ADP stand for? (1) 1.9 Explain the process of
converting ADP to ATP. (2) 1.10 Insert a screenshot to show your
contributions to one of the engagements in the first unit. (Take this from the
discussion forum based on unit 1) (2) [22]
QUESTION 1
1.1 Define Kinetic energy. (2)
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. It depends on the object’s
mass and velocity.
1.2 Explain how energy is transferred in an ecosystem. (2)
Energy is transferred in an ecosystem through food chains and food webs. Producers capture
solar energy via photosynthesis, which is then passed on to consumers and decomposers as
organisms eat each other.
1.3 What is the main purpose of photosynthesis in plants? (2)
The main purpose of photosynthesis is to convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy
, in the form of glucose, which serves as food for the plant and provides energy for growth and
development.
1.4 What is cellular respiration? (2)
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose (and other organic
molecules) in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP.
1.5 Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (4)
Aerobic respiration: Occurs in the presence of oxygen, produces a large amount of ATP
(about 36–38 molecules per glucose), and generates carbon dioxide and water as by-
products.
Anaerobic respiration: Occurs without oxygen, produces less ATP (about 2 molecules
per glucose), and results in by-products such as lactic acid (in animals) or ethanol and
carbon dioxide (in plants and yeast).
1.6 What is the role of ATP in cellular processes? (2)
ATP provides immediate energy for cellular processes such as muscle contraction, active
transport, protein synthesis, and cell division.
1.7 Explain how ATP is synthesized in the mitochondria. (3)
ATP is synthesized in the mitochondria through cellular respiration. During the electron
transport chain, electrons move along protein complexes, pumping protons across the inner
mitochondrial membrane. This creates a proton gradient, and ATP synthase uses this gradient to
combine ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) to form ATP.
1.8 What does ADP stand for? (1)
ADP stands for Adenosine Diphosphate.
1.9 Explain the process of converting ADP to ATP. (2)
ADP is converted to ATP by the addition of an inorganic phosphate group (Pi) during cellular
respiration or photosynthesis. This process stores energy in the high-energy phosphate bond.
4 PORTFOLIO
(COMPLETE ANSWERS)
2025 - DUE 2 October
2025
NO PLAGIARISM
[Pick the date]
[Type the company name]
,Exam (elaborations)
NST1502 Assignment 4 PORTFOLIO
(COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2025 - DUE 2
October 2025
Course
Natural Science and Technology for classroom II (NST1502)
Institution
University Of South Africa (Unisa)
Book
New Natural Science and Technology
NST1502 Assignment 4 PORTFOLIO (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2025 - DUE 2
October 2025 ; 100% TRUSTED Complete, trusted solutions and
explanations.
QUESTION 1 1.1 Define Kinetic energy. (2) 1.2 Explain how energy is
transferred in an ecosystem. (2) 1.3 What is the main purpose of
photosynthesis in plants? (2) 1.4 What is cellular respiration? (2) 1.5
Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (4) 1.6 What is the role of ATP in
cellular processes? (2) 1.7 Explain how ATP is synthesized in the
mitochondria. (3) 1.8 What does ADP stand for? (1) 1.9 Explain the process of
converting ADP to ATP. (2) 1.10 Insert a screenshot to show your
contributions to one of the engagements in the first unit. (Take this from the
discussion forum based on unit 1) (2) [22]
QUESTION 1
1.1 Define Kinetic energy. (2)
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. It depends on the object’s
mass and velocity.
1.2 Explain how energy is transferred in an ecosystem. (2)
Energy is transferred in an ecosystem through food chains and food webs. Producers capture
solar energy via photosynthesis, which is then passed on to consumers and decomposers as
organisms eat each other.
1.3 What is the main purpose of photosynthesis in plants? (2)
The main purpose of photosynthesis is to convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy
, in the form of glucose, which serves as food for the plant and provides energy for growth and
development.
1.4 What is cellular respiration? (2)
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose (and other organic
molecules) in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP.
1.5 Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (4)
Aerobic respiration: Occurs in the presence of oxygen, produces a large amount of ATP
(about 36–38 molecules per glucose), and generates carbon dioxide and water as by-
products.
Anaerobic respiration: Occurs without oxygen, produces less ATP (about 2 molecules
per glucose), and results in by-products such as lactic acid (in animals) or ethanol and
carbon dioxide (in plants and yeast).
1.6 What is the role of ATP in cellular processes? (2)
ATP provides immediate energy for cellular processes such as muscle contraction, active
transport, protein synthesis, and cell division.
1.7 Explain how ATP is synthesized in the mitochondria. (3)
ATP is synthesized in the mitochondria through cellular respiration. During the electron
transport chain, electrons move along protein complexes, pumping protons across the inner
mitochondrial membrane. This creates a proton gradient, and ATP synthase uses this gradient to
combine ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) to form ATP.
1.8 What does ADP stand for? (1)
ADP stands for Adenosine Diphosphate.
1.9 Explain the process of converting ADP to ATP. (2)
ADP is converted to ATP by the addition of an inorganic phosphate group (Pi) during cellular
respiration or photosynthesis. This process stores energy in the high-energy phosphate bond.
