Instrument Oral Exams Question
What angular deviation from a VOR course is represented by half-scale deflection
of the CDI? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️Full scale deflection - 10 degrees
Half scale deflection - 5 degrees
Each mark - 2 degrees
What is reverse sensing? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️VOR needle indicates
reverse of normal operation (fly away from needle to get on course, rather than
to needle). Happens when flying inbound on back course or outbound on front
course of ILS.
Procedure for determining intercept angle when intercepting a VOR radial? -
Correct Answer ✔️✔️a) Turn to heading parallel desired course, in same
direction as course to be flown
b) Determine the difference between the radial to be intercepted and the radial
on which you are located
c) Double the difference to determine the interception angle which will not be
less than 20 degrees nor greater than 90 degrees
,d) Rotate the OBS to the desired radial or inbound course
e) Turn to intercept heading
f) Hold heading constant until CDI centers
g) Turn to the magnetic heading corresponding to selected course, and follow
tracking procedures inbound or outbound
Note: steps a-c may be omitted if you turn directly to intercept the course
without initially turning to parallel the desired course
What degree of accuracy can be expected in VOR navigation? - Correct Answer
✔️✔️VOR navigation is accurate to +/- 1 degree
If a thunderstorm is inadvertently encountered, what flight instrument and what
procedure should be used to maintain control of the aircraft? - Correct Answer
✔️✔️Attitude indicator - establish power for recommended maneuvering
speed and attempt to maintain a constant attitude only. Do not attempt to
maintain a constant altitude!
What are conditions needed for major structural icing to form? - Correct Answer
✔️✔️a) Aircraft must fly through visible moisture, such as rain or cloud
droplets
,b) Temperature at the point where moisture strikes the aircraft must be 0 deg C
or colder. Aerodynamics cooling can lower temp of airfoil to 0 deg C even though
ambient temp is a few degrees warmer
What action is recommended if you inadvertently encounter icing conditions? -
Correct Answer ✔️✔️a) Move to altitude with significantly colder
temperatures (no moisture)
b) Move to altitude with temps that are above freezing
c) Fly to area clear of visible moisture
d) Change heading and fly to area of known non-icing conditions
Which type of precipitation produces most hazardous icing conditions? - Correct
Answer ✔️✔️Freezing rain
If icing inadvertently encountered, how would your landing approach procedure
be different? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️a) Maintain more power during
approach
b) Maintain higher airspeed
c) Expect a higher stall speed (occurs earlier)
, d) Expect a longer landing roll
e) A "no flaps" approach is recommend (avoid stall)
f) Maintain a consistently higher altitude than normal
g) Avoid a missed approach (get it right the first time)
Within what frequency range to VORs operate? - Correct Answer ✔️✔
️108.0 MHz to 117.975 MHz (VHF band)
What are the normal usable distances for the various classes of VOR stations? -
Correct Answer ✔️✔️H-VORs (high altitude) and L-VORs (low altitude) have
normal usable distance of 40 NM below 18,000 ft. T-VORs (terminal) are short
range facilities which have power output of approximately 50 watts and usable
distance of 25 NM at 12,000 ft and below. T-VORs are used primarily for
instrument approaches in terminal areas, or or adjacent to airports.
Terminal = 1,000 - 12,000 ft AGL....25 NM
Low-Altitude = 1,000 - 18,000 ft AGL....40 NM
High-altitude = 1,000 - 14,500 ft AGL...40 NM
High-altitude = 14,500 - 18,000 ft AGL...100 NM
What angular deviation from a VOR course is represented by half-scale deflection
of the CDI? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️Full scale deflection - 10 degrees
Half scale deflection - 5 degrees
Each mark - 2 degrees
What is reverse sensing? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️VOR needle indicates
reverse of normal operation (fly away from needle to get on course, rather than
to needle). Happens when flying inbound on back course or outbound on front
course of ILS.
Procedure for determining intercept angle when intercepting a VOR radial? -
Correct Answer ✔️✔️a) Turn to heading parallel desired course, in same
direction as course to be flown
b) Determine the difference between the radial to be intercepted and the radial
on which you are located
c) Double the difference to determine the interception angle which will not be
less than 20 degrees nor greater than 90 degrees
,d) Rotate the OBS to the desired radial or inbound course
e) Turn to intercept heading
f) Hold heading constant until CDI centers
g) Turn to the magnetic heading corresponding to selected course, and follow
tracking procedures inbound or outbound
Note: steps a-c may be omitted if you turn directly to intercept the course
without initially turning to parallel the desired course
What degree of accuracy can be expected in VOR navigation? - Correct Answer
✔️✔️VOR navigation is accurate to +/- 1 degree
If a thunderstorm is inadvertently encountered, what flight instrument and what
procedure should be used to maintain control of the aircraft? - Correct Answer
✔️✔️Attitude indicator - establish power for recommended maneuvering
speed and attempt to maintain a constant attitude only. Do not attempt to
maintain a constant altitude!
What are conditions needed for major structural icing to form? - Correct Answer
✔️✔️a) Aircraft must fly through visible moisture, such as rain or cloud
droplets
,b) Temperature at the point where moisture strikes the aircraft must be 0 deg C
or colder. Aerodynamics cooling can lower temp of airfoil to 0 deg C even though
ambient temp is a few degrees warmer
What action is recommended if you inadvertently encounter icing conditions? -
Correct Answer ✔️✔️a) Move to altitude with significantly colder
temperatures (no moisture)
b) Move to altitude with temps that are above freezing
c) Fly to area clear of visible moisture
d) Change heading and fly to area of known non-icing conditions
Which type of precipitation produces most hazardous icing conditions? - Correct
Answer ✔️✔️Freezing rain
If icing inadvertently encountered, how would your landing approach procedure
be different? - Correct Answer ✔️✔️a) Maintain more power during
approach
b) Maintain higher airspeed
c) Expect a higher stall speed (occurs earlier)
, d) Expect a longer landing roll
e) A "no flaps" approach is recommend (avoid stall)
f) Maintain a consistently higher altitude than normal
g) Avoid a missed approach (get it right the first time)
Within what frequency range to VORs operate? - Correct Answer ✔️✔
️108.0 MHz to 117.975 MHz (VHF band)
What are the normal usable distances for the various classes of VOR stations? -
Correct Answer ✔️✔️H-VORs (high altitude) and L-VORs (low altitude) have
normal usable distance of 40 NM below 18,000 ft. T-VORs (terminal) are short
range facilities which have power output of approximately 50 watts and usable
distance of 25 NM at 12,000 ft and below. T-VORs are used primarily for
instrument approaches in terminal areas, or or adjacent to airports.
Terminal = 1,000 - 12,000 ft AGL....25 NM
Low-Altitude = 1,000 - 18,000 ft AGL....40 NM
High-altitude = 1,000 - 14,500 ft AGL...40 NM
High-altitude = 14,500 - 18,000 ft AGL...100 NM
