NSG 5002 FINAL EXAM ADVANCED THEORETICAL
PERSPECTIVES FOR NURSING ACTUAL EXAM
2025-2026 ALL 180 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS | AGRADE
Overview:
Updated for the 2025–2026 academic year, this exam prep resource mirrors the actual test
format. It emphasizes theoretical models, nursing frameworks, and conceptual underpinnings
essential to advanced nursing practice, ensuring learners can approach the exam with confidence.
Key Features:
Complete set of 180 verified exam questions with correct answers.
Covers advanced nursing theories, conceptual frameworks, and their practical
applications.
Direct alignment with the NSG 5002 curriculum.
Verified and graded A quality for accuracy and reliability.
Purpose:
Strengthen understanding of theoretical foundations in nursing.
Provide students with a dependable preparation tool.
Support academic excellence and exam success.
Recommended For:
Nursing students enrolled in NSG 5002.
Learners preparing for final exams in advanced theoretical perspectives.
Instructors seeking reliable review and study resources.
Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated apoptosis and
complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which human diseases? -
ANSWERAutoimmune and malignant disorders
Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells? - ANSWER-The resting plasma
membrane is more permeable to potassium
The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to - ANSWER-swell because of
the influx of sodium chloride
,Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases - ANSWER-
Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
Free Radicals cause cell damage by: - ANSWER-Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the
chemical bonds of the cell membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? - ANSWER-Influx of calcium
ions halts ATP production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury? - ANSWER-Enzymatic
digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis.
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis? - ANSWER-Programmed cell death
of scattered, single cells
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within the cell because -
ANSWER-Sodium chloride enters the cell
What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion? - ANSWER-Hemoconcentration occurs because
of the loss of salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because - ANSWER-ATP is insufficient to
maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by uncontrolled enzyme
activation? - ANSWER-Depletion of ATP normally pumps calcium from the cell.
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? - ANSWER-Hypoxic injury
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because - ANSWER-The pump
that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in ATP levels.
, Current research has determined that chemical-induced cellular injury: - ANSWER-Is often the result of
the damage caused by reactive free radicals.
A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission of nerve
impulses is the ratio between - ANSWER-Intracellular and extracellular K+
During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen
ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte? - ANSWER-Potassium
Causes of hyperkalemia include: - ANSWER-Renal failure and Addison disease
In hyperkalemia, what change occurs to the cells' resting membrane potential? -
ANSWERHypopolarization
The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances? - ANSWER-Parathyroid
hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D
It is true that Kussmaul respirations indicate: - ANSWER-A compensatory measure is needed to correct
metabolic acidosis.
Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance? - ANSWER-Hypocalcemia
An excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids can result in: -
ANSWER-Hypophosphatemia
The most common cause of hypermagnesemia is: - ANSWER-Renal failure
The existence of hyperkalemia is likely to result in which changes to a person's electrocardiogram (ECG)?
- ANSWER-Peaked T waves
Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by
neutrophils and macrophages? - ANSWER-Complement cascade
PERSPECTIVES FOR NURSING ACTUAL EXAM
2025-2026 ALL 180 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS | AGRADE
Overview:
Updated for the 2025–2026 academic year, this exam prep resource mirrors the actual test
format. It emphasizes theoretical models, nursing frameworks, and conceptual underpinnings
essential to advanced nursing practice, ensuring learners can approach the exam with confidence.
Key Features:
Complete set of 180 verified exam questions with correct answers.
Covers advanced nursing theories, conceptual frameworks, and their practical
applications.
Direct alignment with the NSG 5002 curriculum.
Verified and graded A quality for accuracy and reliability.
Purpose:
Strengthen understanding of theoretical foundations in nursing.
Provide students with a dependable preparation tool.
Support academic excellence and exam success.
Recommended For:
Nursing students enrolled in NSG 5002.
Learners preparing for final exams in advanced theoretical perspectives.
Instructors seeking reliable review and study resources.
Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated apoptosis and
complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which human diseases? -
ANSWERAutoimmune and malignant disorders
Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells? - ANSWER-The resting plasma
membrane is more permeable to potassium
The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to - ANSWER-swell because of
the influx of sodium chloride
,Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases - ANSWER-
Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
Free Radicals cause cell damage by: - ANSWER-Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the
chemical bonds of the cell membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? - ANSWER-Influx of calcium
ions halts ATP production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury? - ANSWER-Enzymatic
digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis.
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis? - ANSWER-Programmed cell death
of scattered, single cells
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within the cell because -
ANSWER-Sodium chloride enters the cell
What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion? - ANSWER-Hemoconcentration occurs because
of the loss of salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because - ANSWER-ATP is insufficient to
maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by uncontrolled enzyme
activation? - ANSWER-Depletion of ATP normally pumps calcium from the cell.
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? - ANSWER-Hypoxic injury
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because - ANSWER-The pump
that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in ATP levels.
, Current research has determined that chemical-induced cellular injury: - ANSWER-Is often the result of
the damage caused by reactive free radicals.
A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission of nerve
impulses is the ratio between - ANSWER-Intracellular and extracellular K+
During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen
ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte? - ANSWER-Potassium
Causes of hyperkalemia include: - ANSWER-Renal failure and Addison disease
In hyperkalemia, what change occurs to the cells' resting membrane potential? -
ANSWERHypopolarization
The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances? - ANSWER-Parathyroid
hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D
It is true that Kussmaul respirations indicate: - ANSWER-A compensatory measure is needed to correct
metabolic acidosis.
Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance? - ANSWER-Hypocalcemia
An excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids can result in: -
ANSWER-Hypophosphatemia
The most common cause of hypermagnesemia is: - ANSWER-Renal failure
The existence of hyperkalemia is likely to result in which changes to a person's electrocardiogram (ECG)?
- ANSWER-Peaked T waves
Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by
neutrophils and macrophages? - ANSWER-Complement cascade
