Organisational Behaviour
Unit-1
We depend on organisations for education, employment ,clothing,
shelter, health, wealth travel and much more. The touch every
aspect of human life from birth to death in fact live becomes
unliveable sans organisations.
So what is an organisation?
Organisations are as old as human race itself. Organisations are
not physical structures rather there people who are together to
achieve asset of goals. People who work in organisations have
structure patterns of interactions, meaning that expect each other
to complete certain tasks in an organised way. They are group of
people who work independently what some purpose.
Definition of organizational behavior :
According to Luthans “OB is directly concerned with the
understanding prediction and control of human behavior in
organizations.
Davis and Newstrom have defined OB as “The study and
application of knowledge how people act or behave within
organization. It is a human tool for human benefit. It applies
broadly to the behavior of people in all types of organizations
such as business, Govt. Schools and service organizations.
According to Robbins, “OB is a field of study that investigates the
impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour
within organs. For the purpose of applying such knowledge
towards improving an organisation’s effectiveness.
In brief, what OB studies is three determinants of behaviour in
organs, individuals, groups and structures.
Key Elements of OB :
,OB is based on certain key elements also called, “Fundamental
Concepts of assumptions”.
Four elements of OB are: People, structure, technology, and the
environment.
People :
Organizations are run by people and these people consist of
individuals and groups.
Though people have much in common, yet they differ from each
other. One can find glaring differences in people’s trait,
intelligence, personality or any such trait.
Therefore, manager has to treat employees with individual
differences differently. The subject matter of OB begins with
individual.
As an individual joins organization alone with his / her social
background, like and dislikes, pride & prejudices, OB studies an
individual as a whole person.
Human behavior is always caused. Behavior is directed towards
some goals. There is always a cause behind every human
behavior or act.
E.G. – When a worker is absent from work, there is a cause
behind. The manager must know the cause to solve the problem.
Structure :
Organizations are social systems. Two types of social systems that
exist side by side in an organization are formal and other is the
informal social system.
The formal relationship of people in organizations is called
structure.
Different jobs are required to accomplish the organizational goals
and objectives.
,People such as managers and employees, accountant and
assemblers who are performing different jobs at different levels
have to be related in some structural way so that their work can
be effectively coordinated.
It means that OB is based on mutuality of interest. It is mutual
interest that units, people and organization go side by side for
accomplishing individual and organizational goals.
Technology :
Technology provides the resources with which people work and
also affects the tasks that they perform.
It allows people to do more & better work. But, it also restricts
people from doing things in various ways. In fact, it has costs as
well as benefits.
Environment :
All organizations operate within a given internal and external
environment.
In fact, no organization exists alone.
An organization is a part of a larger system that contacts other
factors, such as a Govt., the family and other organizations.
All of these mutually influence one another in a complex way.
Environment, thus, affects people by influencing their attitudes,
working conditions etc.
One can infer that an organization is the effect for which
environment also becomes a key element in the study of OB.
NATURE OF OB:
A separate field of study and not a discipline only
A discipline is an accepted science that is based on a theoretical
foundation. But, OB has a mutual inter disciplinary orientation and
is, thus, not based on a specific theoretical background.
, Hence, OB is a separate field of study.
An interdisciplinary approach :
OB tries to integrate the relevant knowledge drawn from related
disciplines like psychology, sociology, and anthropology to make
them applicable for studying and analysis organisational behavior.
An applied science :
The very nature of OB is applied.
What OB basically does is the application of various researches to
solve the organizational problems related to human behavior.
As OB involves both applied research and its application in
organizational analysis, hence, OB can be called both science as
well as art.
A Normative science :
OB is a normative science also.
While the positive science discusses only cause effect
relationship, OB prescribes how the findings of applied researches
can be applied to socially accepted organizational goals.
A humanistic and optimistic approach
OB treats people as thinking, feeling, human being.
It is based on the belief that people have an innate desire to be
independent, creative and productive.
A total system approach:
The systems approach is one that integrates all the variables
affecting organizational functioning.
The system’s approach has been developed by the behavioural
scientists to analyze human behaviour in view of his/ her socio –
psychological framework
Unit-1
We depend on organisations for education, employment ,clothing,
shelter, health, wealth travel and much more. The touch every
aspect of human life from birth to death in fact live becomes
unliveable sans organisations.
So what is an organisation?
Organisations are as old as human race itself. Organisations are
not physical structures rather there people who are together to
achieve asset of goals. People who work in organisations have
structure patterns of interactions, meaning that expect each other
to complete certain tasks in an organised way. They are group of
people who work independently what some purpose.
Definition of organizational behavior :
According to Luthans “OB is directly concerned with the
understanding prediction and control of human behavior in
organizations.
Davis and Newstrom have defined OB as “The study and
application of knowledge how people act or behave within
organization. It is a human tool for human benefit. It applies
broadly to the behavior of people in all types of organizations
such as business, Govt. Schools and service organizations.
According to Robbins, “OB is a field of study that investigates the
impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour
within organs. For the purpose of applying such knowledge
towards improving an organisation’s effectiveness.
In brief, what OB studies is three determinants of behaviour in
organs, individuals, groups and structures.
Key Elements of OB :
,OB is based on certain key elements also called, “Fundamental
Concepts of assumptions”.
Four elements of OB are: People, structure, technology, and the
environment.
People :
Organizations are run by people and these people consist of
individuals and groups.
Though people have much in common, yet they differ from each
other. One can find glaring differences in people’s trait,
intelligence, personality or any such trait.
Therefore, manager has to treat employees with individual
differences differently. The subject matter of OB begins with
individual.
As an individual joins organization alone with his / her social
background, like and dislikes, pride & prejudices, OB studies an
individual as a whole person.
Human behavior is always caused. Behavior is directed towards
some goals. There is always a cause behind every human
behavior or act.
E.G. – When a worker is absent from work, there is a cause
behind. The manager must know the cause to solve the problem.
Structure :
Organizations are social systems. Two types of social systems that
exist side by side in an organization are formal and other is the
informal social system.
The formal relationship of people in organizations is called
structure.
Different jobs are required to accomplish the organizational goals
and objectives.
,People such as managers and employees, accountant and
assemblers who are performing different jobs at different levels
have to be related in some structural way so that their work can
be effectively coordinated.
It means that OB is based on mutuality of interest. It is mutual
interest that units, people and organization go side by side for
accomplishing individual and organizational goals.
Technology :
Technology provides the resources with which people work and
also affects the tasks that they perform.
It allows people to do more & better work. But, it also restricts
people from doing things in various ways. In fact, it has costs as
well as benefits.
Environment :
All organizations operate within a given internal and external
environment.
In fact, no organization exists alone.
An organization is a part of a larger system that contacts other
factors, such as a Govt., the family and other organizations.
All of these mutually influence one another in a complex way.
Environment, thus, affects people by influencing their attitudes,
working conditions etc.
One can infer that an organization is the effect for which
environment also becomes a key element in the study of OB.
NATURE OF OB:
A separate field of study and not a discipline only
A discipline is an accepted science that is based on a theoretical
foundation. But, OB has a mutual inter disciplinary orientation and
is, thus, not based on a specific theoretical background.
, Hence, OB is a separate field of study.
An interdisciplinary approach :
OB tries to integrate the relevant knowledge drawn from related
disciplines like psychology, sociology, and anthropology to make
them applicable for studying and analysis organisational behavior.
An applied science :
The very nature of OB is applied.
What OB basically does is the application of various researches to
solve the organizational problems related to human behavior.
As OB involves both applied research and its application in
organizational analysis, hence, OB can be called both science as
well as art.
A Normative science :
OB is a normative science also.
While the positive science discusses only cause effect
relationship, OB prescribes how the findings of applied researches
can be applied to socially accepted organizational goals.
A humanistic and optimistic approach
OB treats people as thinking, feeling, human being.
It is based on the belief that people have an innate desire to be
independent, creative and productive.
A total system approach:
The systems approach is one that integrates all the variables
affecting organizational functioning.
The system’s approach has been developed by the behavioural
scientists to analyze human behaviour in view of his/ her socio –
psychological framework
