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NUR 213 Unit 2 Exam Outline 2025-2026
Complex Health Concepts (Forsyth Technical Community College)
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Unit 2 Exam Outline
Dysrhythmias, ACS/Myocardial infarction (Heart Attack), Cardiomyopathy, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Cardiac Rhythms
Diagnostic testing:
- 12 lead ECG/EKG: identify the cause by recording the electrical activity of the heart o Preop:
supine position, remove oils from skin, clip hair if needed, apply to flat
surface on chest
o Placement Mnemonic : “White on Right, Clouds over Grass, Smoke
over Fire, Chocolate on the heart- “Ride Your Green Bike Over
Pavement (V1-V6)” o Steps to analyzing ECG strips : calculate HR,
determine regular rhythm, assess for p waves, measure PR intervals,
measure duration of ORS complex, observe for T waves
- Echocardiogram: identify cardiac structure & function
- Transthoracic echocardiogram (TEE): detects the development of blood
clots prior to cardioversion
Labs:
- Electrolytes:
o Hypokalemia: flattening and inversion of T wave, the appearance of a U wave and ST
depression
o Hyperkalemia: tall, peaked T waves; widened QRS complexes; prolonged PR intervals or flat P
waves
o Hypocalcemia: Prolonged St and QT intervals o Hypercalcemia: shortened ST segment and
widened T waves
o Hypomagnesium: causes V-tach & V-Fib; tall T waves and depressed ST segments o
Hypermagnesium: prolonged PR intervals and widened QRS complex
- Cardiac troponin: C, I & T elevated o Nursing Considerations for dysrhythmias:
- Common Cause: CVD, MI, HF, hypoxia/Acid-base imbalances, electrolyte imbalances, kidney
failure, liver or lung disease, pericarditis, drug or alcohol use, hypovolemia, shock
Physical manifestations: fatigue, syncope, dyspnea, dizziness, palpitations, SHOB, nausea, chest
pain/angina
- Increased risk for falls/injury, decreased cardiac output and ineffective tissue perfusion Priority: is
the client stable and asymptomatic OR unstable and symptomatic?
- CO: Check peripheral pulses, VS and ECG
I. Normal Sinus Rhythm/Basics
- Regular rhythm, 1 P
wave before every
QRS
Downloaded by NELSON KIIRU ()
Lomoarcpsd|26582732
NUR 213 Unit 2 Exam Outline 2025-2026
Complex Health Concepts (Forsyth Technical Community College)
Downloaded by NELSON KIIRU ()
, lOMoARcPSD|26582732
Unit 2 Exam Outline
Dysrhythmias, ACS/Myocardial infarction (Heart Attack), Cardiomyopathy, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Cardiac Rhythms
Diagnostic testing:
- 12 lead ECG/EKG: identify the cause by recording the electrical activity of the heart o Preop:
supine position, remove oils from skin, clip hair if needed, apply to flat
surface on chest
o Placement Mnemonic : “White on Right, Clouds over Grass, Smoke
over Fire, Chocolate on the heart- “Ride Your Green Bike Over
Pavement (V1-V6)” o Steps to analyzing ECG strips : calculate HR,
determine regular rhythm, assess for p waves, measure PR intervals,
measure duration of ORS complex, observe for T waves
- Echocardiogram: identify cardiac structure & function
- Transthoracic echocardiogram (TEE): detects the development of blood
clots prior to cardioversion
Labs:
- Electrolytes:
o Hypokalemia: flattening and inversion of T wave, the appearance of a U wave and ST
depression
o Hyperkalemia: tall, peaked T waves; widened QRS complexes; prolonged PR intervals or flat P
waves
o Hypocalcemia: Prolonged St and QT intervals o Hypercalcemia: shortened ST segment and
widened T waves
o Hypomagnesium: causes V-tach & V-Fib; tall T waves and depressed ST segments o
Hypermagnesium: prolonged PR intervals and widened QRS complex
- Cardiac troponin: C, I & T elevated o Nursing Considerations for dysrhythmias:
- Common Cause: CVD, MI, HF, hypoxia/Acid-base imbalances, electrolyte imbalances, kidney
failure, liver or lung disease, pericarditis, drug or alcohol use, hypovolemia, shock
Physical manifestations: fatigue, syncope, dyspnea, dizziness, palpitations, SHOB, nausea, chest
pain/angina
- Increased risk for falls/injury, decreased cardiac output and ineffective tissue perfusion Priority: is
the client stable and asymptomatic OR unstable and symptomatic?
- CO: Check peripheral pulses, VS and ECG
I. Normal Sinus Rhythm/Basics
- Regular rhythm, 1 P
wave before every
QRS
Downloaded by NELSON KIIRU ()
