Psych 289: Exam 2 (Spring 2025: Anne Schutte: UNL)
Questions With Complete Solutions
According to Bowlby, what is attachment? What caregiver
factors determine attachment style? Correct Answer
attachment: infants' emotional tie to parents, an evolved
response that promotes survival
secure attachment: comfortable when mom is there, explore
surroundings when mom is present, uncomfortable when mom is
gone and feels better when she is there
avoidant attachment: not distressed when mom leaves and
returns
ambivalent/resistant: doesn't explore even when mom is there,
very distressed and anxious when mother leaves
disorganized/disoriented attachment: inconsistent/ contradicting
behaviors over the course of multiple tests. doesn't fall into one
category
According to Piaget, what is a scheme? What is adaptation?
What are accommodation and assimilation? What is equilibrium
and disequilibrium? Give an example of each process. Correct
Answer scheme: organized way to make sense of an experience
accommodation: creating new schemes or adjusting old ones
after realization that one way of thinking does not fully grasp the
environment
,assimilation: use current scheme to interpret the world
equilibrium: more assimilation than accommodation
disequilibrium: adjusting of schemes to make more sense with
the new information received
According to the information processing theory, what is
changing in early development. Correct Answer attention and
memory
According to Vygotsky, what is private speech? Correct
Answer When children speak to themselves when tasks are
appropriately challenging, he believes that with age, this speech
changes to whispers and lip movement
Briefly describe gender labeling, stability, and constancy. When
do children understand these notions? Correct Answer gender
labeling: label self as a boy or a girl, idea is easily changed EX:
seeing a girl with short hair and thinking that they're a boy
stability: how you feel like your gender matches you as you age,
its consistency
constancy: at 4-7 years a girl is a girl and a guy is a guy
Briefly describe myelination. Correct Answer The coating of
neural fibers with an insulating fatty sheath, called myelin, that
improves the efficiency of message transfer.
, Briefly describe the development of drawing in young children.
Correct Answer Starts with scribbles (around 18 months)
then to first representational form around 3 years
more realistic drawing (5-6 years)
Briefly describe the development of emotional expression in
infancy. Correct Answer During the first half-year, basic
emotions gradually become clear, well-organized signals. The
social smile appears between 6 and 10 weeks, laughter around 3-
4 months. Happiness strengthens the parent—child bond and
reflects as well as supports physical and cognitive mastery.-
Anger and fear, especially in the form of stranger anxiety,
increase in the second half of the first year as infants' cognitive
and motor capacities improve. Newly mobile babies use the
familiar caregiver as a secure base from which to explore.
Briefly describe the development of emotional self-regulation
and empathy during preschool years? What role does language
play in their development? Correct Answer self-regulation:
how to control the expression of emotions. EX: thumb sucking
occurs at 4-6 months as a form of self-regulation: then language
is used to describe how one feels once they hit 2 years
Briefly describe the development of play Correct Answer o
Nonsocial activity: unoccupied, onlooker behavior, and solitary
play
o Parallel play (1 year): playing alongside each other without
much interaction
o Simple social play (15-18 months): do similar activities, smile
at each other, interact (associative play)
o Cooperative play: (2 years) play roles, interact, common goal
Questions With Complete Solutions
According to Bowlby, what is attachment? What caregiver
factors determine attachment style? Correct Answer
attachment: infants' emotional tie to parents, an evolved
response that promotes survival
secure attachment: comfortable when mom is there, explore
surroundings when mom is present, uncomfortable when mom is
gone and feels better when she is there
avoidant attachment: not distressed when mom leaves and
returns
ambivalent/resistant: doesn't explore even when mom is there,
very distressed and anxious when mother leaves
disorganized/disoriented attachment: inconsistent/ contradicting
behaviors over the course of multiple tests. doesn't fall into one
category
According to Piaget, what is a scheme? What is adaptation?
What are accommodation and assimilation? What is equilibrium
and disequilibrium? Give an example of each process. Correct
Answer scheme: organized way to make sense of an experience
accommodation: creating new schemes or adjusting old ones
after realization that one way of thinking does not fully grasp the
environment
,assimilation: use current scheme to interpret the world
equilibrium: more assimilation than accommodation
disequilibrium: adjusting of schemes to make more sense with
the new information received
According to the information processing theory, what is
changing in early development. Correct Answer attention and
memory
According to Vygotsky, what is private speech? Correct
Answer When children speak to themselves when tasks are
appropriately challenging, he believes that with age, this speech
changes to whispers and lip movement
Briefly describe gender labeling, stability, and constancy. When
do children understand these notions? Correct Answer gender
labeling: label self as a boy or a girl, idea is easily changed EX:
seeing a girl with short hair and thinking that they're a boy
stability: how you feel like your gender matches you as you age,
its consistency
constancy: at 4-7 years a girl is a girl and a guy is a guy
Briefly describe myelination. Correct Answer The coating of
neural fibers with an insulating fatty sheath, called myelin, that
improves the efficiency of message transfer.
, Briefly describe the development of drawing in young children.
Correct Answer Starts with scribbles (around 18 months)
then to first representational form around 3 years
more realistic drawing (5-6 years)
Briefly describe the development of emotional expression in
infancy. Correct Answer During the first half-year, basic
emotions gradually become clear, well-organized signals. The
social smile appears between 6 and 10 weeks, laughter around 3-
4 months. Happiness strengthens the parent—child bond and
reflects as well as supports physical and cognitive mastery.-
Anger and fear, especially in the form of stranger anxiety,
increase in the second half of the first year as infants' cognitive
and motor capacities improve. Newly mobile babies use the
familiar caregiver as a secure base from which to explore.
Briefly describe the development of emotional self-regulation
and empathy during preschool years? What role does language
play in their development? Correct Answer self-regulation:
how to control the expression of emotions. EX: thumb sucking
occurs at 4-6 months as a form of self-regulation: then language
is used to describe how one feels once they hit 2 years
Briefly describe the development of play Correct Answer o
Nonsocial activity: unoccupied, onlooker behavior, and solitary
play
o Parallel play (1 year): playing alongside each other without
much interaction
o Simple social play (15-18 months): do similar activities, smile
at each other, interact (associative play)
o Cooperative play: (2 years) play roles, interact, common goal
