Psych 289 - Chapter 6 – Learning Questions With Complete
Solutions
Accidental Reinforcement Correct Answer Describes the
coincidence between a performance and a reinforcer. Even
though there is no intentional connection between the organism's
performance and the reinforcer, there is still an increase in
frequency of the performance. In accidental reinforcement, the
form of the behavior that is reinforced is not fixed.
Acquisition Correct Answer The formation of a new
conditioned response tendency.
Depends on stimulus contiguity: if they occur together in space
and time
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory Correct Answer
Conducted a series of classical experiments on aggression often
referred to as the "Bobo doll" experiments; in the studies, he
showed that children would imitate aggressive behaviour
directed toward a Bobo dolls (a large, inflatable toy clown) by
an adult model; children who saw the model rewarded were
more likely than children who saw the model punished for the
aggression to aggress (ie. Performance) themselves towards the
Bobo doll when left alone with it; However, all of the children
behaved aggressively (i.e. acquisition) if they were offered a
reward for imitating the model's behaviour
-Bandura suggested a connection between children watching
violence on television and their own aggressiveness
,Allergic Reaction Correct Answer A reaction in the immune
system when you are exposed to an allergy-producing substance
Animal Immunosuppression Study Correct Answer Animals
are injected with a drug (US) that chemically causes
immunosuppression and given an unusual-tasting liquid to drink
(the CS.) Days later, after the chemical immunosuppression has
ended, some animals are re-exposed to the CS by giving them
the unusual-tasting solution again. Measurements of antibody
production indicate that animals exposed to the CS show a
reduced immune response
Antecedents Correct Answer In behaviour modification,
events that typically precede the target response. Ex. If the target
is overeating, you might discover that you tend to eat more when
you watch TV; you can pinpoint the response so you can design
your behaviour modification program to break the cycle
Ap Dijksterhuid Correct Answer Used subliminal
conditioning to raise people's self esteem level; people were
presented simple words; for those in the experimental condition,
the presentation of the word "I" was followed by a subliminal
positive-trait term such as "wise, healthy or smart;" the control
group was presented with a neutral word such as "chair or bike;"
the conditioning effect on implicit self-esteem was produced
while bypassing the consciousness all together; conditioning of
self-esteem has clear implications for psychological disorders
such as depression
Auditory Stimuli Correct Answer Occur when sounds cause
pressure changes in elastic mediums, such as air. These pressure
, changes are the result of molecules in the elastic medium
becoming more or less dense from sound vibrations.
Avoidance Learning Correct Answer Learning that has
occurred when an organism engages in a response that prevents
aversive stimulation from occurring.
Behaviour Modification Correct Answer A systematic
approach to changing behaviour through the application of the
principles of conditioning.
This assumes behaviour is a product of learning, conditioning,
and environmental control. And, what is learned can be
unlearned.
1) specify over target behaviour
2) gather baseline data, list antecedents/consequences related to
it
3) design a program with reinforcement contingencies
4) execute and evaluate program
5) determine how/when to phase out of program
Classical Conditioning Correct Answer A type of learning in
which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to evoke a response
that was originally evoked by another stimulus.
Regulates reflexive, involuntary responses, however sometimes
contributes to the regulation of INVOLUNTARY behaviour.
Solutions
Accidental Reinforcement Correct Answer Describes the
coincidence between a performance and a reinforcer. Even
though there is no intentional connection between the organism's
performance and the reinforcer, there is still an increase in
frequency of the performance. In accidental reinforcement, the
form of the behavior that is reinforced is not fixed.
Acquisition Correct Answer The formation of a new
conditioned response tendency.
Depends on stimulus contiguity: if they occur together in space
and time
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory Correct Answer
Conducted a series of classical experiments on aggression often
referred to as the "Bobo doll" experiments; in the studies, he
showed that children would imitate aggressive behaviour
directed toward a Bobo dolls (a large, inflatable toy clown) by
an adult model; children who saw the model rewarded were
more likely than children who saw the model punished for the
aggression to aggress (ie. Performance) themselves towards the
Bobo doll when left alone with it; However, all of the children
behaved aggressively (i.e. acquisition) if they were offered a
reward for imitating the model's behaviour
-Bandura suggested a connection between children watching
violence on television and their own aggressiveness
,Allergic Reaction Correct Answer A reaction in the immune
system when you are exposed to an allergy-producing substance
Animal Immunosuppression Study Correct Answer Animals
are injected with a drug (US) that chemically causes
immunosuppression and given an unusual-tasting liquid to drink
(the CS.) Days later, after the chemical immunosuppression has
ended, some animals are re-exposed to the CS by giving them
the unusual-tasting solution again. Measurements of antibody
production indicate that animals exposed to the CS show a
reduced immune response
Antecedents Correct Answer In behaviour modification,
events that typically precede the target response. Ex. If the target
is overeating, you might discover that you tend to eat more when
you watch TV; you can pinpoint the response so you can design
your behaviour modification program to break the cycle
Ap Dijksterhuid Correct Answer Used subliminal
conditioning to raise people's self esteem level; people were
presented simple words; for those in the experimental condition,
the presentation of the word "I" was followed by a subliminal
positive-trait term such as "wise, healthy or smart;" the control
group was presented with a neutral word such as "chair or bike;"
the conditioning effect on implicit self-esteem was produced
while bypassing the consciousness all together; conditioning of
self-esteem has clear implications for psychological disorders
such as depression
Auditory Stimuli Correct Answer Occur when sounds cause
pressure changes in elastic mediums, such as air. These pressure
, changes are the result of molecules in the elastic medium
becoming more or less dense from sound vibrations.
Avoidance Learning Correct Answer Learning that has
occurred when an organism engages in a response that prevents
aversive stimulation from occurring.
Behaviour Modification Correct Answer A systematic
approach to changing behaviour through the application of the
principles of conditioning.
This assumes behaviour is a product of learning, conditioning,
and environmental control. And, what is learned can be
unlearned.
1) specify over target behaviour
2) gather baseline data, list antecedents/consequences related to
it
3) design a program with reinforcement contingencies
4) execute and evaluate program
5) determine how/when to phase out of program
Classical Conditioning Correct Answer A type of learning in
which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to evoke a response
that was originally evoked by another stimulus.
Regulates reflexive, involuntary responses, however sometimes
contributes to the regulation of INVOLUNTARY behaviour.
