Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
5th Edition
• Author(s)Susan Scott Ricci; Terri Kyle; Susan Carman
• PublisherPublished by Wolters Kluwer Health Copyright©
2025
• Print ISBN: 9781975220419
TEST BANK
Chapter 1: The History of Maternal and
Newborn Health and Health Care
A nursing student is researching the historical impact of the
Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 for a presentation. Which
statement accurately describes the primary outcome of this
legislation?
A. It established the first professional standards for midwifery
practice in the United States.
B. It provided federal funding for states to develop programs for
mothers and infants, reducing mortality.
C. It mandated compulsory vaccination for all children entering
the public school system.
D. It created the Title V program, which continues to fund health
services for children with special needs.
,Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct: The Sheppard-Towner Act (1921-1929) was the
first major federal legislation to provide matching funds to
states for establishing prenatal and child health centers,
leading to a significant reduction in maternal and infant
mortality.
• Incorrect A: While the act involved maternal care, its
focus was on federal funding for state programs, not on
standardizing midwifery credentials.
• Incorrect C: Vaccination mandates are typically state-level
laws and were not the purpose of this federal act.
• Incorrect D: The Social Security Act of 1935 established
the Title V program; the Sheppard-Towner Act was a
precursor but not the same legislation.
Teaching Point: Sheppard-Towner was a pioneering
federal effort to improve maternal-infant health.
Citation: Ricci, S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S.
(2021). Maternity and Pediatric Nursing (5th ed.). Wolters
Kluwer. Chapter 1, The History of Maternal and Newborn
Health and Health Care.
2. Chapter 1, The History of Child Health and Child Health
Care
A pediatric nurse is explaining the evolution of child healthcare
to a family. Which 20th-century development fundamentally
changed the focus of pediatric care from treating disease to
promoting wellness?
,A. The discovery of antibiotics like penicillin.
B. The development of advanced surgical techniques for
congenital heart defects.
C. The implementation of widespread immunization programs.
D. The establishment of the Special Supplemental Nutrition
Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• Correct: Immunization programs represented a
monumental shift toward preventing infectious diseases
rather than just treating them, a core concept of health
promotion.
• Incorrect A: Antibiotics were a breakthrough for treatment
(secondary prevention) but did not initiate the widespread
focus on primary prevention like immunizations.
• Incorrect B: Advanced surgery is a tertiary level of care,
treating existing serious conditions.
• Incorrect D: WIC (established in the 1970s) is a vital
nutrition program, but immunization programs had a
broader and earlier impact on the philosophy of
preventative child health.
Teaching Point: Immunizations epitomize the shift from
curative to preventative pediatric care.
Citation: Ricci, Kyle, & Carman (2021). Chapter 1, The
History of Child Health and Child Health Care.
, 3. Chapter 1, Mortality
When reviewing national health data, a nurse identifies that the
infant mortality rate is a key indicator of a nation's health.
Which definition correctly describes what the infant mortality
rate measures?
A. The number of deaths of infants under 28 days of age per
1,000 live births in a year.
B. The number of deaths of infants between 28 days and 1 year
of age per 1,000 live births in a year.
C. The number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000
live births in a year.
D. The number of fetal deaths after 20 weeks of gestation per
1,000 live births in a year.
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• Correct: The infant mortality rate is defined as the number
of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births
in a given year.
• Incorrect A: This describes the neonatal mortality rate
(deaths in the first 28 days of life).
• Incorrect B: This describes the postneonatal mortality rate
(deaths from 28 days to 1 year).
• Incorrect D: This describes the fetal mortality rate or
stillbirth rate.
Teaching Point: Infant mortality includes all deaths from
birth up to the first birthday.
5th Edition
• Author(s)Susan Scott Ricci; Terri Kyle; Susan Carman
• PublisherPublished by Wolters Kluwer Health Copyright©
2025
• Print ISBN: 9781975220419
TEST BANK
Chapter 1: The History of Maternal and
Newborn Health and Health Care
A nursing student is researching the historical impact of the
Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 for a presentation. Which
statement accurately describes the primary outcome of this
legislation?
A. It established the first professional standards for midwifery
practice in the United States.
B. It provided federal funding for states to develop programs for
mothers and infants, reducing mortality.
C. It mandated compulsory vaccination for all children entering
the public school system.
D. It created the Title V program, which continues to fund health
services for children with special needs.
,Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct: The Sheppard-Towner Act (1921-1929) was the
first major federal legislation to provide matching funds to
states for establishing prenatal and child health centers,
leading to a significant reduction in maternal and infant
mortality.
• Incorrect A: While the act involved maternal care, its
focus was on federal funding for state programs, not on
standardizing midwifery credentials.
• Incorrect C: Vaccination mandates are typically state-level
laws and were not the purpose of this federal act.
• Incorrect D: The Social Security Act of 1935 established
the Title V program; the Sheppard-Towner Act was a
precursor but not the same legislation.
Teaching Point: Sheppard-Towner was a pioneering
federal effort to improve maternal-infant health.
Citation: Ricci, S., Kyle, T., & Carman, S.
(2021). Maternity and Pediatric Nursing (5th ed.). Wolters
Kluwer. Chapter 1, The History of Maternal and Newborn
Health and Health Care.
2. Chapter 1, The History of Child Health and Child Health
Care
A pediatric nurse is explaining the evolution of child healthcare
to a family. Which 20th-century development fundamentally
changed the focus of pediatric care from treating disease to
promoting wellness?
,A. The discovery of antibiotics like penicillin.
B. The development of advanced surgical techniques for
congenital heart defects.
C. The implementation of widespread immunization programs.
D. The establishment of the Special Supplemental Nutrition
Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• Correct: Immunization programs represented a
monumental shift toward preventing infectious diseases
rather than just treating them, a core concept of health
promotion.
• Incorrect A: Antibiotics were a breakthrough for treatment
(secondary prevention) but did not initiate the widespread
focus on primary prevention like immunizations.
• Incorrect B: Advanced surgery is a tertiary level of care,
treating existing serious conditions.
• Incorrect D: WIC (established in the 1970s) is a vital
nutrition program, but immunization programs had a
broader and earlier impact on the philosophy of
preventative child health.
Teaching Point: Immunizations epitomize the shift from
curative to preventative pediatric care.
Citation: Ricci, Kyle, & Carman (2021). Chapter 1, The
History of Child Health and Child Health Care.
, 3. Chapter 1, Mortality
When reviewing national health data, a nurse identifies that the
infant mortality rate is a key indicator of a nation's health.
Which definition correctly describes what the infant mortality
rate measures?
A. The number of deaths of infants under 28 days of age per
1,000 live births in a year.
B. The number of deaths of infants between 28 days and 1 year
of age per 1,000 live births in a year.
C. The number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000
live births in a year.
D. The number of fetal deaths after 20 weeks of gestation per
1,000 live births in a year.
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• Correct: The infant mortality rate is defined as the number
of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births
in a given year.
• Incorrect A: This describes the neonatal mortality rate
(deaths in the first 28 days of life).
• Incorrect B: This describes the postneonatal mortality rate
(deaths from 28 days to 1 year).
• Incorrect D: This describes the fetal mortality rate or
stillbirth rate.
Teaching Point: Infant mortality includes all deaths from
birth up to the first birthday.
