NR 507: Advanced y Midterm
7 7 7 7
Asthma7-
correct7answer✔ ✔ Chronic7disease7due7to7bronchoconstriction7and7an7excessive7infl
7
ammatory7response7in7the7bronchioles
What7are757s/s7of7asthma7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ coughing7
wheezing7
shortness7of7breath7
rapid7breathing7
chest7tightness
Pathophysiology7of7asthma7(5)7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ -
airway7inflammation,7bronchial7hyper-reactivity7and7smooth7muscle7spasm
-excess7mucus7production7and7accumulation7
-hypertrophy7of7bronchial7smooth7muscle7
-airflow7obstruction7
-decreased7alveolar7ventilation
Bronchioles7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
smaller7passageways7that7originate7from7the7bronchi7that7become7the7alveoli
37layers7of7the7bronchioles7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ innermost7layer7
middle7layer7-7lamina7propria7
outermost7layer
lamina7propria7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ the7middle7layer7of7the7bronchioles
,structure7of7the7lamina7propria7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
embedded7with7connective7tissue7cells7and7immune7cells
purpose7of7the7lamina7propria7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
white7blood7cells7are7present7to7help7protect7the7airways
How7does7the7lamina7propria7effect7the7lungs7in7regards7to7asthma7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
the7WBCs7protective7feature7goes7into7overdrive7causing7an7inflammatory7response7that
damages7host7tissue
7
What7does7the7innermost7layer7of7the7bronchioles7contain7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
columnar7epithelial7ells7and7mucus7producing7goblet7cells
What7does7the7outermost7layer7of7the7bronchioles7contain7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
smooth7muscle7cells
what7does7the7outermost7layer7of7the7bronchioles7do7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
control7the7airways7ability7to7constrict7and7dilate
alveolar7hyperinflation7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
When7air7is7unable7to7move7out7of7the7alveolar7like7it7should7due7to7bronchial7walls7collap
sing7around7possible7mucus7plug7thus7trapping7air7inside
how7does7hyperinflation7occur?7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
the7ongoing7inflammatory7process7of7asthma7produces7mucus7and7pus7plug7that7the7bro
nchial7walls7collapse7around
Effect7of7hyperinflation7of7the7alveolar7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ -
expanded7thorax7and7hypercapnia7(retention7of7CO2)7
-7respiratory7acidosis
, What7are7two7anticholinergic7drugs7used7for7asthma7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
tiotropium7and7ipratropium
What7do7anticholinergics7do7in7the7lungs?7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
These7drugs7block7the7effects7of7the7parasympathetic7nervous7system7
-7increasing7bronchodilation
MOA7of7anticholinergic7drugs7for7asthma7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
the7parasympathetic7system7is7stimulated7by7the7vagal7nerve7to7release7acetylcholine7w
hich7binds7to7the7cholinergic7receptors7of7the7respiratory7tract7to7cause7bronchial7constricti
on7=7decreased7airflow7
-
blocking7the7cholinergic7receptors7prevents7acetylcholine7binding7preventing7the7bronchi
7
al7constriction
bronchitis7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ inflammation7of7the7bronchial7tubes
37characteristics7of7bronchitis7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ bronchial7inflammation
hypersecretion7of7mucus7
chronic7productive7cough7for7at7least737consecutive7months7for7at7least727successive7year
s
Perfusion7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
The7supply7of7oxygen7to7and7removal7of7wastes7from7the7cells7and7tissues7of7the7body7a
s7a7result7of7the7flow7of7blood7through7the7capillaries.
results7of7chronic7bronchitis/7low7perfusion7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ cyanosis7
right7to7left7shunting7
7 7 7 7
Asthma7-
correct7answer✔ ✔ Chronic7disease7due7to7bronchoconstriction7and7an7excessive7infl
7
ammatory7response7in7the7bronchioles
What7are757s/s7of7asthma7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ coughing7
wheezing7
shortness7of7breath7
rapid7breathing7
chest7tightness
Pathophysiology7of7asthma7(5)7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ -
airway7inflammation,7bronchial7hyper-reactivity7and7smooth7muscle7spasm
-excess7mucus7production7and7accumulation7
-hypertrophy7of7bronchial7smooth7muscle7
-airflow7obstruction7
-decreased7alveolar7ventilation
Bronchioles7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
smaller7passageways7that7originate7from7the7bronchi7that7become7the7alveoli
37layers7of7the7bronchioles7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ innermost7layer7
middle7layer7-7lamina7propria7
outermost7layer
lamina7propria7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ the7middle7layer7of7the7bronchioles
,structure7of7the7lamina7propria7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
embedded7with7connective7tissue7cells7and7immune7cells
purpose7of7the7lamina7propria7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
white7blood7cells7are7present7to7help7protect7the7airways
How7does7the7lamina7propria7effect7the7lungs7in7regards7to7asthma7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
the7WBCs7protective7feature7goes7into7overdrive7causing7an7inflammatory7response7that
damages7host7tissue
7
What7does7the7innermost7layer7of7the7bronchioles7contain7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
columnar7epithelial7ells7and7mucus7producing7goblet7cells
What7does7the7outermost7layer7of7the7bronchioles7contain7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
smooth7muscle7cells
what7does7the7outermost7layer7of7the7bronchioles7do7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
control7the7airways7ability7to7constrict7and7dilate
alveolar7hyperinflation7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
When7air7is7unable7to7move7out7of7the7alveolar7like7it7should7due7to7bronchial7walls7collap
sing7around7possible7mucus7plug7thus7trapping7air7inside
how7does7hyperinflation7occur?7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
the7ongoing7inflammatory7process7of7asthma7produces7mucus7and7pus7plug7that7the7bro
nchial7walls7collapse7around
Effect7of7hyperinflation7of7the7alveolar7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ -
expanded7thorax7and7hypercapnia7(retention7of7CO2)7
-7respiratory7acidosis
, What7are7two7anticholinergic7drugs7used7for7asthma7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
tiotropium7and7ipratropium
What7do7anticholinergics7do7in7the7lungs?7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
These7drugs7block7the7effects7of7the7parasympathetic7nervous7system7
-7increasing7bronchodilation
MOA7of7anticholinergic7drugs7for7asthma7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
the7parasympathetic7system7is7stimulated7by7the7vagal7nerve7to7release7acetylcholine7w
hich7binds7to7the7cholinergic7receptors7of7the7respiratory7tract7to7cause7bronchial7constricti
on7=7decreased7airflow7
-
blocking7the7cholinergic7receptors7prevents7acetylcholine7binding7preventing7the7bronchi
7
al7constriction
bronchitis7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ inflammation7of7the7bronchial7tubes
37characteristics7of7bronchitis7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ bronchial7inflammation
hypersecretion7of7mucus7
chronic7productive7cough7for7at7least737consecutive7months7for7at7least727successive7year
s
Perfusion7-7correct7answer✔ ✔
The7supply7of7oxygen7to7and7removal7of7wastes7from7the7cells7and7tissues7of7the7body7a
s7a7result7of7the7flow7of7blood7through7the7capillaries.
results7of7chronic7bronchitis/7low7perfusion7-7correct7answer✔ ✔ cyanosis7
right7to7left7shunting7
