Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
5th Edition
• Author(s)Susan Scott Ricci; Terri Kyle; Susan Carman
• PublisherPublished by Wolters Kluwer Health Copyright©
2025
• Print ISBN: 9781975220419
TEST BANK
1. Chapter 1, Historical Development
Stem: A nursing student researching the evolution of
maternal-child care wants to explain why separate
pediatric nursing specialties emerged in the early 20th
century. Which factor best explains this development?
A. Pediatric nursing developed primarily because child
mortality rapidly decreased, freeing nurses to specialize.
B. Advances in medical knowledge about childhood
illnesses and dedicated hospital units created a need for
pediatric nursing specialization.
C. Pediatric nursing appeared mainly because midwives
,opposed hospital births and threatened nursing roles.
D. Legal mandates required nursing specialization for all
hospital departments by 1920.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct: The emergence of pediatric nursing
was driven by better understanding of childhood diseases,
creation of children's hospitals, and specialized care needs,
prompting nurses to develop focused knowledge and skills.
This explanation aligns with historical accounts of
specialization in nursing.
Rationale — A: Incorrect — child mortality decreased
gradually; specialization followed advances in science and
institutional changes rather than an immediate mortality
drop.
Rationale — C: Incorrect — while midwifery influenced
maternity care, it did not primarily drive the rise of
pediatric nursing.
Rationale — D: Incorrect — there were no universal legal
mandates in 1920 forcing departmental specialization;
change was professional and institutional.
Teaching Point: Pediatric nursing grew from scientific
advances and institutional specialization.
Citation: Chapter 1 — Historical Development
(Perspectives on Maternal and Child Health Care).
,2. Chapter 1, The History of Maternal and Newborn
Health and Health Care
Stem: A nurse educator explains trends in maternal
mortality over the 20th century. Which statement best
reflects historical changes?
A. Maternal mortality rose steadily through the 20th
century due to hospital births.
B. Maternal mortality declined substantially with improved
sanitation, antibiotics, and obstetric care.
C. Maternal mortality did not change until the 1990s when
cesarean rates increased.
D. Maternal mortality declined only in high-income
countries because low-income countries banned hospital
deliveries.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct: Major declines in maternal mortality
occurred with public health improvements (sanitation),
antibiotics, blood transfusion capability, and advances in
obstetric care, especially during the mid-20th century.
Rationale — A: Incorrect — hospital births generally
contributed to improved outcomes, not rising mortality.
Rationale — C: Incorrect — declines began much earlier
than the 1990s and are tied to broad public-health and
medical advances.
Rationale — D: Incorrect — while disparities persist,
declines also occurred in many low-income settings when
, interventions were implemented; banning hospitals is not
explanatory.
Teaching Point: Improvements in public health and
obstetrics greatly reduced maternal mortality.
Citation: Chapter 1 — The History of Maternal and
Newborn Health and Health Care.
3. Chapter 1, The History of Child Health and Child Health
Care
Stem: A public health nurse is designing a program to
reduce under-5 mortality. Which historical intervention
demonstrates the most direct impact on child mortality
reduction?
A. Increased home births attended only by lay midwives.
B. Development and widespread use of vaccines and
improved nutrition.
C. Legal restrictions on school attendance.
D. Reduction in pediatric nursing training programs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct: Vaccination programs and
improvements in nutrition have historically been among
the most effective interventions to reduce child mortality
worldwide.
Rationale — A: Incorrect — while skilled birth attendance
helps neonatal outcomes, lay midwives alone have limited
5th Edition
• Author(s)Susan Scott Ricci; Terri Kyle; Susan Carman
• PublisherPublished by Wolters Kluwer Health Copyright©
2025
• Print ISBN: 9781975220419
TEST BANK
1. Chapter 1, Historical Development
Stem: A nursing student researching the evolution of
maternal-child care wants to explain why separate
pediatric nursing specialties emerged in the early 20th
century. Which factor best explains this development?
A. Pediatric nursing developed primarily because child
mortality rapidly decreased, freeing nurses to specialize.
B. Advances in medical knowledge about childhood
illnesses and dedicated hospital units created a need for
pediatric nursing specialization.
C. Pediatric nursing appeared mainly because midwives
,opposed hospital births and threatened nursing roles.
D. Legal mandates required nursing specialization for all
hospital departments by 1920.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct: The emergence of pediatric nursing
was driven by better understanding of childhood diseases,
creation of children's hospitals, and specialized care needs,
prompting nurses to develop focused knowledge and skills.
This explanation aligns with historical accounts of
specialization in nursing.
Rationale — A: Incorrect — child mortality decreased
gradually; specialization followed advances in science and
institutional changes rather than an immediate mortality
drop.
Rationale — C: Incorrect — while midwifery influenced
maternity care, it did not primarily drive the rise of
pediatric nursing.
Rationale — D: Incorrect — there were no universal legal
mandates in 1920 forcing departmental specialization;
change was professional and institutional.
Teaching Point: Pediatric nursing grew from scientific
advances and institutional specialization.
Citation: Chapter 1 — Historical Development
(Perspectives on Maternal and Child Health Care).
,2. Chapter 1, The History of Maternal and Newborn
Health and Health Care
Stem: A nurse educator explains trends in maternal
mortality over the 20th century. Which statement best
reflects historical changes?
A. Maternal mortality rose steadily through the 20th
century due to hospital births.
B. Maternal mortality declined substantially with improved
sanitation, antibiotics, and obstetric care.
C. Maternal mortality did not change until the 1990s when
cesarean rates increased.
D. Maternal mortality declined only in high-income
countries because low-income countries banned hospital
deliveries.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct: Major declines in maternal mortality
occurred with public health improvements (sanitation),
antibiotics, blood transfusion capability, and advances in
obstetric care, especially during the mid-20th century.
Rationale — A: Incorrect — hospital births generally
contributed to improved outcomes, not rising mortality.
Rationale — C: Incorrect — declines began much earlier
than the 1990s and are tied to broad public-health and
medical advances.
Rationale — D: Incorrect — while disparities persist,
declines also occurred in many low-income settings when
, interventions were implemented; banning hospitals is not
explanatory.
Teaching Point: Improvements in public health and
obstetrics greatly reduced maternal mortality.
Citation: Chapter 1 — The History of Maternal and
Newborn Health and Health Care.
3. Chapter 1, The History of Child Health and Child Health
Care
Stem: A public health nurse is designing a program to
reduce under-5 mortality. Which historical intervention
demonstrates the most direct impact on child mortality
reduction?
A. Increased home births attended only by lay midwives.
B. Development and widespread use of vaccines and
improved nutrition.
C. Legal restrictions on school attendance.
D. Reduction in pediatric nursing training programs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct: Vaccination programs and
improvements in nutrition have historically been among
the most effective interventions to reduce child mortality
worldwide.
Rationale — A: Incorrect — while skilled birth attendance
helps neonatal outcomes, lay midwives alone have limited
