Bradley University BIO 202 Exam 4 Latest 2025/2026
Accurate Fall-Spring Graded A+ Question And Answer
(ORIGINAL)
Is it good for a viral genome to become less recognized by IS?
No, it is better to be more recognized by the IS
Is it good for a viral genome to be deliberately lessened?
Yes, it needs to be deliberately lessened
Antigens
Foreign, non-self, outside the cell
What do capsid proteins protect?
The genome
How can you identify capsid proteins?
Serological tests
How do capsid proteins work?
The capsid and envelope bind, and it mediates the release
Spike proteins
Antigenic, put into membranes
BIO 202 - Microbiology and Immunology
,Replicate proteins / enzymes
DNA and RNA polymerase
Clinical virus identification
Serological tests, "Antibody associated tests", and nucleic acid tests
Serological tests
Detect antibodies or viral proteins in patients
Antibody-associated tests
ELISA test
Nucleic acid test
PCR
Virus genomes can be described as
Unique
Virus genome structure looks like
DsDNA —-> mRNA —-> protein
Viral genomes evolve via
BIO 202 - Microbiology and Immunology
, Mutation, recombination, and re-assortment
Mutations in viral genomes
Replication errors are very common, RNA does not have proofreading abilities
Recombination in viral genomes
"Cut and paste" of genomes, DNA viruses have high recombination rates
Re-assortment in viral genomes
"Swapping" of genome parts
Is it good for a viral genome to become virulent?
Yes, virulence is good
First live vaccine
Polio vaccine
In the biosynthesis step of the multiplication in human/animal viruses, what are early genes?
Replication
In the biosynthesis step of the multiplication in human/animal viruses, what are late genes?
Structural proteins
In the maturation step of the multiplication in human/animal viruses, what happens?
BIO 202 - Microbiology and Immunology
Accurate Fall-Spring Graded A+ Question And Answer
(ORIGINAL)
Is it good for a viral genome to become less recognized by IS?
No, it is better to be more recognized by the IS
Is it good for a viral genome to be deliberately lessened?
Yes, it needs to be deliberately lessened
Antigens
Foreign, non-self, outside the cell
What do capsid proteins protect?
The genome
How can you identify capsid proteins?
Serological tests
How do capsid proteins work?
The capsid and envelope bind, and it mediates the release
Spike proteins
Antigenic, put into membranes
BIO 202 - Microbiology and Immunology
,Replicate proteins / enzymes
DNA and RNA polymerase
Clinical virus identification
Serological tests, "Antibody associated tests", and nucleic acid tests
Serological tests
Detect antibodies or viral proteins in patients
Antibody-associated tests
ELISA test
Nucleic acid test
PCR
Virus genomes can be described as
Unique
Virus genome structure looks like
DsDNA —-> mRNA —-> protein
Viral genomes evolve via
BIO 202 - Microbiology and Immunology
, Mutation, recombination, and re-assortment
Mutations in viral genomes
Replication errors are very common, RNA does not have proofreading abilities
Recombination in viral genomes
"Cut and paste" of genomes, DNA viruses have high recombination rates
Re-assortment in viral genomes
"Swapping" of genome parts
Is it good for a viral genome to become virulent?
Yes, virulence is good
First live vaccine
Polio vaccine
In the biosynthesis step of the multiplication in human/animal viruses, what are early genes?
Replication
In the biosynthesis step of the multiplication in human/animal viruses, what are late genes?
Structural proteins
In the maturation step of the multiplication in human/animal viruses, what happens?
BIO 202 - Microbiology and Immunology
