Test Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition by Sue E. Huether & Kathryn L. McCance, All Chapters 1-42, A+ guide.

Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether
u u u u


Test




NURSINGTB.COM

, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether u u u u


Chapter 01: Cellular
uTest Biology u u


Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
u u u u u u




MULTIPLE CHOICE u




1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u


DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the
u u u u u u u u u u u u u


student?
u


a. A single circular chromosome
u u u


b. A nucleus u


c. Free-floating nuclear material u u


d. No organelles u




ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u


nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome
u u u u u u u u u u u


called a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
u u u u u u u u u u u




REF: p. 2 u




2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function
u u u u u u u u u u u


uis the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u


nutrients to energy?
u u u


a. Metabolic absorption u


b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: NURSINGTB.COM
D u


The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u


involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
u u u u u u u u u u u u


secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
u u u u u u u u




REF: p. 2 u




3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
u u u u u u u u u u u u u


most of the genetic information be contained?
u u u u u u u


a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm u




ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of
u u u u u u u u u u u u u


ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u


ulocated within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular
u u u u u u u u u


urespiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm
u u u u u u u u


uis a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
u u u u u u u u u u




REF: p. 2 u




NURSINGTB.COM

, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether u u u u


Test
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving
u u u u u u u u u u u u u


the layer itself?
u u u


a. Peripheral membrane proteins u u


b. Integral membrane proteins u u


c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules u u




ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u


membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the
u u u u u u u u u u u u


surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane.
u u u u u u u u u u u u


Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
u u u u u u u




REF: p. 7 u




5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
u u u u u u u u u


a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids u


d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u




REF: p. 9 u




6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u



the extracellular matrix would suNp poRrt t hIe dG
iagnBo.
sisCofM
metastatic cancer?
u u


a. Decreased fibronectin
US N T u
u u u u
u
u
u
u
u
u u u u uv v u




b. Increased collagen u


c. Decreased elastin u


d. Increased glycoproteins u




ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u


them to travel or metastasize.
u u u u u




REF: p. 10 u




7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u


a. Cell junction u


b. Gap junction u


c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction u




ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
u u u u u u u u u u u u u


Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
u u u u u u u u u u u


junctions are associated with cellular communication.
u u u u u u




REF: p. 11 u




NURSINGTB.COM

, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether u u u u


Test
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from
u u u u u u u u u u


neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following
u u u u u u u u u u u u u


signaling types?
u u


a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken
u u u u u u u u u u u u


up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u


secretion of glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated
u u u u u u u u u u u u u


with a local chemical mediator like insulin.
u u u u u u u




REF: p. 12 u




9. In u cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
u u u u u u u u u


a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u


of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between
u u u u u u u u u u u u


an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
u u u u u u u u




REF: p.
16 NURSINGTB.COM
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract.
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u


The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u


knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:
u u u u u u u u u u


a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
u u u u u u u u u u u u u


involved in muscle contraction.
u u u u




REF: p. 16 u




11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
u u u u u u u


a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle u u




ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u


generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
u u u u u u u u u u u u




NURSINGTB.COM