NSG 532 EXAM 1 ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ LATEST 2025
What are the fundamental concepts of Physiology?
Homeostasis
Feedback
Redundancy
Integration
Define Homeostasis
Maintaining physiological variables within a relatively narrow range, regardless of
the extrenal (outside temp.) stress or internal stress (low blood sugar).
Two kinds of Feedback
Positive Feedback (1-5%)
Negative Feedback (95-99%)
,The idea of Negative Feedback
When a sensor (thermostat) detects a level (set point) of the output (cold air) of a
controller (A/C unit) and leads to
LESS OUTPUT.
Example of Negative Feedback Scenario
Insulin secretion in response to high blood glucose, when blood glucose levels
drop, insulin secretion stops.
Positive Feedback
LEADS TO MORE OUTPUT
Example of Positive feedback scenario
Oxytocin released in response to contractions of uterus and leads to MORE
contractions of uterus
Define Redundancy
having more than one system in place to HELP attain the goal of homeostasis.
, Example of Redundancy:
Insulin/Glucagon primary mechanism
Growth Hormone- also INFLUENCES blood glucose.
Define Integration:
The working together of multiple physiological systems to maintain homeostasis.
Example of Integration
GOAL: maintain adequate perfusion of oxygenated blood to ALL tissue.
Cardiovascular system MUST work with respiratory system.
ACH ACHE ACHE Inhibitor
ACH- acetylcholine
ACHE - Pacman -eats acetylcholine
ACHE Inhibitor - bug spray (kills pacman)
Serotonin
Similar example to ACH.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ LATEST 2025
What are the fundamental concepts of Physiology?
Homeostasis
Feedback
Redundancy
Integration
Define Homeostasis
Maintaining physiological variables within a relatively narrow range, regardless of
the extrenal (outside temp.) stress or internal stress (low blood sugar).
Two kinds of Feedback
Positive Feedback (1-5%)
Negative Feedback (95-99%)
,The idea of Negative Feedback
When a sensor (thermostat) detects a level (set point) of the output (cold air) of a
controller (A/C unit) and leads to
LESS OUTPUT.
Example of Negative Feedback Scenario
Insulin secretion in response to high blood glucose, when blood glucose levels
drop, insulin secretion stops.
Positive Feedback
LEADS TO MORE OUTPUT
Example of Positive feedback scenario
Oxytocin released in response to contractions of uterus and leads to MORE
contractions of uterus
Define Redundancy
having more than one system in place to HELP attain the goal of homeostasis.
, Example of Redundancy:
Insulin/Glucagon primary mechanism
Growth Hormone- also INFLUENCES blood glucose.
Define Integration:
The working together of multiple physiological systems to maintain homeostasis.
Example of Integration
GOAL: maintain adequate perfusion of oxygenated blood to ALL tissue.
Cardiovascular system MUST work with respiratory system.
ACH ACHE ACHE Inhibitor
ACH- acetylcholine
ACHE - Pacman -eats acetylcholine
ACHE Inhibitor - bug spray (kills pacman)
Serotonin
Similar example to ACH.
