1
LETRS Glossary Volume 1 Units 1-4
EXAM LATEST UPDATED VERSION
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS JUST RELEASED
academic language - (ANSWER)written or spoken language that is more
stylistically formal than spoken conversational language; language that is most
often used in academic discourse or text.
adjective - (ANSWER)A part of speech that describes a noun or person (e.g.,
windy, blue).
adverb - (ANSWER)A part of speech that describes a verd, adjective, or adverb
(e.g., sadly, crookedly).
affricate - (ANSWER)A speech sound with features of both a fricative and a stop;
in English, /ch/ and /j/ are ________.
allophones - (ANSWER)Slight alterations to pronunciation of phonemes resulting
from phonemes overlapping with one another in a spoken word; these variations
of pronunciation are predictable and unconscious, as most speakers make them.
allophonic variation - (ANSWER)The slightly different pronunciation of a
phoneme, depending on its place in a word; for example, automatic nasalizing of
a vowel before a nasal consonant.
, 2
alphabetic principle - (ANSWER)The concept that letters are used to represent
individual phonemes in the spoken word; insight into this principle is critical for
learning to read and spell.
antonym - (ANSWER)A word that overlaps with another word, but which has the
opposite meaning.
automaticity - (ANSWER)The ability to read quickly and accurately without
conscious effort.
background knowledge - (ANSWER)Preexisting knowledge of facts and ideas
necessary to make inferences.
base words - (ANSWER)Words that can stand on their own, or can serve as part
of another word, as a free morpheme.
benchmark - (ANSWER)A standard or a set of standards used as a threshold for
predicting future risk for reading difficulty.
blend - (ANSWER)Two or three graphemes, each one representing a phoneme
(e.g., the s-c-r in scrape); a ________ is not one sound, but two or three adjacent
consonants before or after a vowel in a syllable.
characters - (ANSWER)The protagonist or who the story is about, plus optional
secondary people or animals whose roles within the story help the plot to unfold.
, 3
clause - (ANSWER)A group of words that has a subject and a predicate and
functions as a unit.
closed syllable - (ANSWER)A syllable with a short vowel spelled with a single
vowel letter and ending in one or more consonants (e.g., hat, kit-ten).
coarticulation - (ANSWER)Occurs when phonemes are spoken together to
produce syllables or words and the features of these phonemes are affected by
the speech sounds that precede or follow them.
code switching - (ANSWER)The conscious effort to write and/or speak in a certain
way, depending on the social context and/or whether the language is spoken or
writter.
cognate - (ANSWER)A word in one language that shares a common ancestor and
common meanings with a word in another language. Many Spanish words, such
as "problema" or "diagrama," are ________ that are built around the same Latin
and Greek prefixes, suffixes, or roots that English words also employ.
coherence - (ANSWER)The property of sticking together into a consistent whole;
can refer to a quality of text or to the representation of meaning in a person's
mind.
LETRS Glossary Volume 1 Units 1-4
EXAM LATEST UPDATED VERSION
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS JUST RELEASED
academic language - (ANSWER)written or spoken language that is more
stylistically formal than spoken conversational language; language that is most
often used in academic discourse or text.
adjective - (ANSWER)A part of speech that describes a noun or person (e.g.,
windy, blue).
adverb - (ANSWER)A part of speech that describes a verd, adjective, or adverb
(e.g., sadly, crookedly).
affricate - (ANSWER)A speech sound with features of both a fricative and a stop;
in English, /ch/ and /j/ are ________.
allophones - (ANSWER)Slight alterations to pronunciation of phonemes resulting
from phonemes overlapping with one another in a spoken word; these variations
of pronunciation are predictable and unconscious, as most speakers make them.
allophonic variation - (ANSWER)The slightly different pronunciation of a
phoneme, depending on its place in a word; for example, automatic nasalizing of
a vowel before a nasal consonant.
, 2
alphabetic principle - (ANSWER)The concept that letters are used to represent
individual phonemes in the spoken word; insight into this principle is critical for
learning to read and spell.
antonym - (ANSWER)A word that overlaps with another word, but which has the
opposite meaning.
automaticity - (ANSWER)The ability to read quickly and accurately without
conscious effort.
background knowledge - (ANSWER)Preexisting knowledge of facts and ideas
necessary to make inferences.
base words - (ANSWER)Words that can stand on their own, or can serve as part
of another word, as a free morpheme.
benchmark - (ANSWER)A standard or a set of standards used as a threshold for
predicting future risk for reading difficulty.
blend - (ANSWER)Two or three graphemes, each one representing a phoneme
(e.g., the s-c-r in scrape); a ________ is not one sound, but two or three adjacent
consonants before or after a vowel in a syllable.
characters - (ANSWER)The protagonist or who the story is about, plus optional
secondary people or animals whose roles within the story help the plot to unfold.
, 3
clause - (ANSWER)A group of words that has a subject and a predicate and
functions as a unit.
closed syllable - (ANSWER)A syllable with a short vowel spelled with a single
vowel letter and ending in one or more consonants (e.g., hat, kit-ten).
coarticulation - (ANSWER)Occurs when phonemes are spoken together to
produce syllables or words and the features of these phonemes are affected by
the speech sounds that precede or follow them.
code switching - (ANSWER)The conscious effort to write and/or speak in a certain
way, depending on the social context and/or whether the language is spoken or
writter.
cognate - (ANSWER)A word in one language that shares a common ancestor and
common meanings with a word in another language. Many Spanish words, such
as "problema" or "diagrama," are ________ that are built around the same Latin
and Greek prefixes, suffixes, or roots that English words also employ.
coherence - (ANSWER)The property of sticking together into a consistent whole;
can refer to a quality of text or to the representation of meaning in a person's
mind.
