MH701 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Addiction is characterized by what? - Answer -impulsive drug craving, seeking & use
that persists even in the face of negative consequences.
What parts of the brain are involved in the reward pathway? - Answer -the ventral
tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens & pre-frontal cortex.
When activated by a rewarding stimuli, information travels from the VTA to the nucleus
accumbens and then up to the prefrontal cortex.
All drugs that lead to addiction increases: - Answer -dopamine in the ventral striatum.
Reinforcement of SUD results in what kind of sensations when a drug is abused? -
Answer -"feel good"
What sensations in SUD are experienced when the drug exit the body? - Answer -"feel
bad"
Social rewards associated with drug use: - Answer -disinhibition, euphoric mood and
anxiety reduction.
Negative rewards from drug use are: - Answer -increased anxiety, dysphoria.
DA release in the reward center is further enhanced by the release of: - Answer -
natural morphine-like neurotransmitters called neuropeptides.
Define abuse: - Answer -Self-administration of any drug in a culturally disapproved
manner that cause adverse consequences.
Define Addiction: - Answer -A behavioral pattern of drug abuse characterized by
overwhelming involvement with the use of a drug (compulsive use), the securing of it's
supply, and a high tendency to relapse after discontinuation.
Define compulsivity: - Answer -Repetitive actions inappropriate to the situation that
persist, that have no obvious relationship to the overall goal, and often result in
undesirable consequences, behavior that results in preservation, in response in the face
of adverse consequences.
Cross-tolerance: - Answer -The ability of one drug to suppress the manifestations of
physical dependence produced by another drug to maintain the physical dependent
state.
Dependence: - Answer -The physiological state of adaption produced by repeated
administration of certain drugs such as alcohol, heroin and benzos when they are
abruptly discontinued, and are associated with physical drug withdrawal distinct from
,the motivational changes of acute withdrawal and protracted abstinence which is part of
addiction.
Habit: - Answer -Responses triggered by environmental stimuli regardless of the
current desirability of the consequences. The condition response to a stimulus has been
reinforced and strengthened either by past experience with reward (positive
reinforcement) or by omission of an adverse event (negative reinforcement).
Impulsivity: - Answer -The tendency to act prematurely without foresight; actions which
are poorly conceived, prematurely expressed, unduly risky, or inappropriate to the
situation. Measured in 2 domains: the choice of a small, immediate reward over a
larger, delayed reward, or the inability to inhibit behavior to change the course of action
or stop a response once it is initiated.
Rebound: - Answer -The exaggerated expression of the original condition sometimes
experiences by patients immediately after cessation of an effective treatment.
Reinforcement: - Answer -The tendency of a pleasure-producing drug to lead to a
repeated self-administration.
Relapse: - Answer -The recurrence, upon discontinuation of an effective medical
treatment, of the original condition from which the patient suffered.
Tolerance: - Answer -When the body becomes less responsive to the drug with
repeated exposure.
Withdrawal: - Answer -Painful physical and psychological symptoms that follow
discontinuation of a drug.
What are some substances that can cause addiction? - Answer -Stimulants, nicotine,
alcohol, sedative-hypnotics, opioid, marijuana, hallucinogens and club drugs.
Addiction is characterized by: - Answer -compulsive drug craving, seeking, and use that
persist even in the face of negative consequences.
"Feel good" reinforcement is mediated by what pathways in drug abuse? - Answer -
dopamine
"Feel bad: reinforcement is mediated by what pathway in drug abuse? - Answer -GABA
DSM-5 criteria for substance abuse? - Answer -A maladaptive pattern of substance use
leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by 1 or more of the
following, occurring within a 12 month period:
1. Recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work,
school or home.
, 2. Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous (driving an
automobile, operating a machine when impaired).
3. Recurrent substance related legal problems.
4. Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or
interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance.
DSM-5 criteria for substance dependence: - Answer -A maladaptive pattern of
substance abuse, leading to a clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested
by 3 or more of the following, occurring at any time in the same 12 month period.
1. Presence or tolerance to a drug.
2. Presence of withdrawal syndrome.
3. The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was
intended.
4. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on control substance
use.
5. A great el of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the
substance, or recover from its effects.
6. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced
because of substance use.
7. The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent
physical or psychological problems that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by
the substance.
Define binge drinking: - Answer -5 or more drinks on the same occasion during one or
more days in the past month.
Define heavy drinking: - Answer -5 or more drinks on the same occasion 5 or more
days in the past month.
Define low risk drinking: - Answer -No more than 4 drinks on one occasion or 14 drinks
per week for men; no more than 3 drinks per day or 7 drinks per week for women.
Signs of alcohol intoxication: - Answer -slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait,
nystagmus, impairment of inattention or memory, stupor or coma.
DSM-5 for alcohol intoxication: - Answer -1. Recent ingestion of alcohol.
2. Clinically significant maladaptive behavior or psychological change that developed
during or shortly after alcohol ingestion.
3. Signs of alcohol intoxication as above.
4. The symptoms are not due to a general medical condition and are not better
explained by another mental disorder.
DSM-5 for alcohol withdrawal: - Answer -1. Cessation of alcohol use that ahs been
heavy and prolonged.
2. 2 or more of the following, developing within several hours to a few days.
autonomic hyperactivity.
Addiction is characterized by what? - Answer -impulsive drug craving, seeking & use
that persists even in the face of negative consequences.
What parts of the brain are involved in the reward pathway? - Answer -the ventral
tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens & pre-frontal cortex.
When activated by a rewarding stimuli, information travels from the VTA to the nucleus
accumbens and then up to the prefrontal cortex.
All drugs that lead to addiction increases: - Answer -dopamine in the ventral striatum.
Reinforcement of SUD results in what kind of sensations when a drug is abused? -
Answer -"feel good"
What sensations in SUD are experienced when the drug exit the body? - Answer -"feel
bad"
Social rewards associated with drug use: - Answer -disinhibition, euphoric mood and
anxiety reduction.
Negative rewards from drug use are: - Answer -increased anxiety, dysphoria.
DA release in the reward center is further enhanced by the release of: - Answer -
natural morphine-like neurotransmitters called neuropeptides.
Define abuse: - Answer -Self-administration of any drug in a culturally disapproved
manner that cause adverse consequences.
Define Addiction: - Answer -A behavioral pattern of drug abuse characterized by
overwhelming involvement with the use of a drug (compulsive use), the securing of it's
supply, and a high tendency to relapse after discontinuation.
Define compulsivity: - Answer -Repetitive actions inappropriate to the situation that
persist, that have no obvious relationship to the overall goal, and often result in
undesirable consequences, behavior that results in preservation, in response in the face
of adverse consequences.
Cross-tolerance: - Answer -The ability of one drug to suppress the manifestations of
physical dependence produced by another drug to maintain the physical dependent
state.
Dependence: - Answer -The physiological state of adaption produced by repeated
administration of certain drugs such as alcohol, heroin and benzos when they are
abruptly discontinued, and are associated with physical drug withdrawal distinct from
,the motivational changes of acute withdrawal and protracted abstinence which is part of
addiction.
Habit: - Answer -Responses triggered by environmental stimuli regardless of the
current desirability of the consequences. The condition response to a stimulus has been
reinforced and strengthened either by past experience with reward (positive
reinforcement) or by omission of an adverse event (negative reinforcement).
Impulsivity: - Answer -The tendency to act prematurely without foresight; actions which
are poorly conceived, prematurely expressed, unduly risky, or inappropriate to the
situation. Measured in 2 domains: the choice of a small, immediate reward over a
larger, delayed reward, or the inability to inhibit behavior to change the course of action
or stop a response once it is initiated.
Rebound: - Answer -The exaggerated expression of the original condition sometimes
experiences by patients immediately after cessation of an effective treatment.
Reinforcement: - Answer -The tendency of a pleasure-producing drug to lead to a
repeated self-administration.
Relapse: - Answer -The recurrence, upon discontinuation of an effective medical
treatment, of the original condition from which the patient suffered.
Tolerance: - Answer -When the body becomes less responsive to the drug with
repeated exposure.
Withdrawal: - Answer -Painful physical and psychological symptoms that follow
discontinuation of a drug.
What are some substances that can cause addiction? - Answer -Stimulants, nicotine,
alcohol, sedative-hypnotics, opioid, marijuana, hallucinogens and club drugs.
Addiction is characterized by: - Answer -compulsive drug craving, seeking, and use that
persist even in the face of negative consequences.
"Feel good" reinforcement is mediated by what pathways in drug abuse? - Answer -
dopamine
"Feel bad: reinforcement is mediated by what pathway in drug abuse? - Answer -GABA
DSM-5 criteria for substance abuse? - Answer -A maladaptive pattern of substance use
leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by 1 or more of the
following, occurring within a 12 month period:
1. Recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work,
school or home.
, 2. Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous (driving an
automobile, operating a machine when impaired).
3. Recurrent substance related legal problems.
4. Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or
interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance.
DSM-5 criteria for substance dependence: - Answer -A maladaptive pattern of
substance abuse, leading to a clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested
by 3 or more of the following, occurring at any time in the same 12 month period.
1. Presence or tolerance to a drug.
2. Presence of withdrawal syndrome.
3. The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was
intended.
4. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on control substance
use.
5. A great el of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the
substance, or recover from its effects.
6. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced
because of substance use.
7. The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent
physical or psychological problems that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by
the substance.
Define binge drinking: - Answer -5 or more drinks on the same occasion during one or
more days in the past month.
Define heavy drinking: - Answer -5 or more drinks on the same occasion 5 or more
days in the past month.
Define low risk drinking: - Answer -No more than 4 drinks on one occasion or 14 drinks
per week for men; no more than 3 drinks per day or 7 drinks per week for women.
Signs of alcohol intoxication: - Answer -slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait,
nystagmus, impairment of inattention or memory, stupor or coma.
DSM-5 for alcohol intoxication: - Answer -1. Recent ingestion of alcohol.
2. Clinically significant maladaptive behavior or psychological change that developed
during or shortly after alcohol ingestion.
3. Signs of alcohol intoxication as above.
4. The symptoms are not due to a general medical condition and are not better
explained by another mental disorder.
DSM-5 for alcohol withdrawal: - Answer -1. Cessation of alcohol use that ahs been
heavy and prolonged.
2. 2 or more of the following, developing within several hours to a few days.
autonomic hyperactivity.
