The structure of the earth
ar ea
a
s
a
-made
on
peridotite
sand
of
↳ made &
solid
I
zoohm-2890
km
Semi ,geo
aucomann
lese
re
Ina
,
medum
are c
it
dens
870' 13 3 85
491mi
↑
.
&
.
layers
SisOhm
12 % sulphur 2890 km t
liquid
88 %
Iron
dense 12.1
alt generatia on
top
to 4400's to 6100
(9 9
.
Sisohm
20 % Nickel
to centre
80 % 1 Iron
.
heat
radiates
solid
↓ radioactive decau
lower mantle
7000'
very
mesosphere
-
dense (13 - 5 g/cm2 pressure
corel-high
close to
above more rigid
layers
=
from
crust--Surface and body waves are able to pass through
-
Body waves pass through at variable
rates due to density changes
-
L 2 Only a waves able to pass through an swave ,
Shadew zone' is created from about 10s0 from the
Local point
Only P waves reach the inner core and pass through but their ,
refraction at the core-mantle boundary creates a rina 'Shadow zone'
betwen 185" and 140" from the focal point
Moho discontinuity- the boundary surface between the earths crust and the mantle (or asthenosphere),
lying at a depth of about 10-12km under the ocean bed and 40-50km under the continents
, on all
T-on or around plate boundaries Plate
partic plate
T
margins
-
and
the Eurasian
E-Between
not spott in Australia and Africa intra-
A- some
plate earthquakes
T-enly on divergent or convergent plate bundances
E-in the east side of Asia and West side of North
and South America
A-some random and oceanic volcanoes
) not seet
↳
coastlines
T-caused bu convergent plate
bacindaries and not
North + South America
E-Akna the Weltern side of
in the middle of the clean
A-some are found
onl occur linear noces or water
leas /oceans
levidence
crust crocky surface /sea heal and the
upper cocler part of the manole
layer of sem-molten 199 % send) in the Granite
-least dense surface
upper mantle Visious/ductile which allows the
.
Oceanic-3a /cm' temperature H Basalt Solid
lithosphere to guide on top
Thm thick
400 Oceanic -
continental -
2 7
.
a /cm about
to 70 hm
lower mantle (close to corel-high Continental-up
pressure thik
from layers above = more rigid
Periodite 99 % solid
. 3 to 5 4 alemi
3 Phase co liquid
878 %
.
700km to
the boundary surface between the crust and to medium layers
2890km thick
less and said in
manrole /or astherosphere dense semi-molten
12 % Sulphur llauid
9 9 to 12 3 glcm 4400 If 88 % Iren
. .
(generatel
-boundary between manote and cre Clense 6100' 2890 hm re magnetic field
the transficn zone between the mantle and core siss hm thock
20 % Nickel scid
7000"
80 % Iren
boundary between inner and cuter core most dense
radioactive radiates
An abrupt increase or pts-wares relocities at 13 59/cm3 Sisohm te heat
decau
.
the clepon of 220km dense Centre
very
, Occur in the middle or interior of seconic plates and are
much raver than boundary earonquakes
Indian Ocean earthquakes
found in the middle of tectonic plates and are thought to be
-
Oceanic plate and -
continental plates fee by underlying mantle numes that are unusually not
continental plate -low magnitude compared with the surrounding mantle
-
volcanoes are formed earthquakes
Mount it Helens / Hawain volcanoes
-
earthquakes can -
volcanoes
happen here -
mic atlantic udae
-
could trigger tsunamis
Where 2 plates moving towards each other , the thinner more
-
vina of fire spacific denser Oceanic plate descends he math the continental plate
made of silicate and magnesium
-
2 continental -2 continental plates mach cr silicate and aluminum
DIAFS mountains
-
fold
-
earthquakes are rem mountain rana
-
Himilyan
commen
-
San Andreas fault
, Convergent (destructive)
Types of crust
Earthquake Focus SiMa SiAl
-shallow -silica -Silica
-magnesium -Aluminium
Density Density
-More dense -less Dense
-Causes subduction
Oceanic crust Continental crust
Convergent (destructive)
Landforms
-Potential for deep focus earthquakes
-Benioff zone
-composite cone volcanoes
-island arc
-fold mountains
-deep ocean trench
Convergent (collision)
Earthquakes can occur from this type of plate movement (Nepal
and Himalayas)
Divergent (constructive )
Landforms
-rift valley
-mid ocean ridge
-formation of new crust
-shallow, low magnitude/localised earthquakes
-Submarine volcanoes
-Volcanic islands
-sea floor spreading
ar ea
a
s
a
-made
on
peridotite
sand
of
↳ made &
solid
I
zoohm-2890
km
Semi ,geo
aucomann
lese
re
Ina
,
medum
are c
it
dens
870' 13 3 85
491mi
↑
.
&
.
layers
SisOhm
12 % sulphur 2890 km t
liquid
88 %
Iron
dense 12.1
alt generatia on
top
to 4400's to 6100
(9 9
.
Sisohm
20 % Nickel
to centre
80 % 1 Iron
.
heat
radiates
solid
↓ radioactive decau
lower mantle
7000'
very
mesosphere
-
dense (13 - 5 g/cm2 pressure
corel-high
close to
above more rigid
layers
=
from
crust--Surface and body waves are able to pass through
-
Body waves pass through at variable
rates due to density changes
-
L 2 Only a waves able to pass through an swave ,
Shadew zone' is created from about 10s0 from the
Local point
Only P waves reach the inner core and pass through but their ,
refraction at the core-mantle boundary creates a rina 'Shadow zone'
betwen 185" and 140" from the focal point
Moho discontinuity- the boundary surface between the earths crust and the mantle (or asthenosphere),
lying at a depth of about 10-12km under the ocean bed and 40-50km under the continents
, on all
T-on or around plate boundaries Plate
partic plate
T
margins
-
and
the Eurasian
E-Between
not spott in Australia and Africa intra-
A- some
plate earthquakes
T-enly on divergent or convergent plate bundances
E-in the east side of Asia and West side of North
and South America
A-some random and oceanic volcanoes
) not seet
↳
coastlines
T-caused bu convergent plate
bacindaries and not
North + South America
E-Akna the Weltern side of
in the middle of the clean
A-some are found
onl occur linear noces or water
leas /oceans
levidence
crust crocky surface /sea heal and the
upper cocler part of the manole
layer of sem-molten 199 % send) in the Granite
-least dense surface
upper mantle Visious/ductile which allows the
.
Oceanic-3a /cm' temperature H Basalt Solid
lithosphere to guide on top
Thm thick
400 Oceanic -
continental -
2 7
.
a /cm about
to 70 hm
lower mantle (close to corel-high Continental-up
pressure thik
from layers above = more rigid
Periodite 99 % solid
. 3 to 5 4 alemi
3 Phase co liquid
878 %
.
700km to
the boundary surface between the crust and to medium layers
2890km thick
less and said in
manrole /or astherosphere dense semi-molten
12 % Sulphur llauid
9 9 to 12 3 glcm 4400 If 88 % Iren
. .
(generatel
-boundary between manote and cre Clense 6100' 2890 hm re magnetic field
the transficn zone between the mantle and core siss hm thock
20 % Nickel scid
7000"
80 % Iren
boundary between inner and cuter core most dense
radioactive radiates
An abrupt increase or pts-wares relocities at 13 59/cm3 Sisohm te heat
decau
.
the clepon of 220km dense Centre
very
, Occur in the middle or interior of seconic plates and are
much raver than boundary earonquakes
Indian Ocean earthquakes
found in the middle of tectonic plates and are thought to be
-
Oceanic plate and -
continental plates fee by underlying mantle numes that are unusually not
continental plate -low magnitude compared with the surrounding mantle
-
volcanoes are formed earthquakes
Mount it Helens / Hawain volcanoes
-
earthquakes can -
volcanoes
happen here -
mic atlantic udae
-
could trigger tsunamis
Where 2 plates moving towards each other , the thinner more
-
vina of fire spacific denser Oceanic plate descends he math the continental plate
made of silicate and magnesium
-
2 continental -2 continental plates mach cr silicate and aluminum
DIAFS mountains
-
fold
-
earthquakes are rem mountain rana
-
Himilyan
commen
-
San Andreas fault
, Convergent (destructive)
Types of crust
Earthquake Focus SiMa SiAl
-shallow -silica -Silica
-magnesium -Aluminium
Density Density
-More dense -less Dense
-Causes subduction
Oceanic crust Continental crust
Convergent (destructive)
Landforms
-Potential for deep focus earthquakes
-Benioff zone
-composite cone volcanoes
-island arc
-fold mountains
-deep ocean trench
Convergent (collision)
Earthquakes can occur from this type of plate movement (Nepal
and Himalayas)
Divergent (constructive )
Landforms
-rift valley
-mid ocean ridge
-formation of new crust
-shallow, low magnitude/localised earthquakes
-Submarine volcanoes
-Volcanic islands
-sea floor spreading
