PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXAM 2025
PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXAM 2025/2026
COMPLETE verified QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW!!
A 75-year-old client who has a history of end stage renal failure and advanced lung cancer, recently
had a stroke. Two days ago the healthcare provider discontinued the client's dialysis treatments,
stating that death is inevitable, but the client is disoriented and will not sign a DNR directive. What is
the priority nursing intervention?
Review the client's most recent laboratory reports.
Refer the client and family members for hospice care.
Notify the hospital ethics committee of the client situation.
Determine who is legally empowered to make decisions.
Determine who is legally empowered to make decisions.
Rationale:
When death is impending, it is essential for the nurse to determine who is legally empowered to
make decisions regarding the use of life-saving measures for the client (D). (A) will be abnormal and
will worsen without dialysis, so are not of immediate concern. (B) may help improve the client's
quality of life prior to death, but is of less immediacy than determining whether actions should be
taken to save a client's life. If the nurse remains unable to determine who is empowered to make
decisions in this situation, the nurse may choose to contact the ethics committee (C) for a resolution.
A client with Raynaud's disease asks the nurse about using biofeedback for self-management of
symptoms. What response is best for the nurse to provide?
The responses to biofeedback have not been well established and may be a waste of time and
money.
Biofeedback requires extensive training to retrain voluntary muscles, not involuntary responses.
Although biofeedback is easily learned, it is most often used to manage exacerbation of symptoms.
Biofeedback allows the client to control involuntary responses to promote peripheral vasodilation.
A+ TEST BANK 1
, PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXAM 2025
Biofeedback allows the client to control involuntary responses to promote peripheral vasodilation.
Rationale
Biofeedback involves the use of various monitoring devices that help people become more aware
and able to control their own physiologic responses, such as heart rate, body temperature, muscle
tension, and brain waves. (D) is an accurate statement concerning its use for clients with Raynaud's
disease. (A, B, and C) do not provide correct information about biofeedback.
When making the bed of a client who needs a bed cradle, which action should the nurse include?
Teach the client to call for help before getting out of bed.
Keep both the upper and lower side rails in a raised position.
Keep the bed in the lowest position while changing the sheets.
Drape the top sheet and covers loosely over the bed cradle.
Drape the top sheet and covers loosely over the bed cradle.
Rationale:
A bed cradle is used to keep the top bedclothes off the client, so the nurse should drape the top
sheet and covers loosely over the cradle (D). A client using a bed cradle may still be able to ambulate
independently (A) and does not require raised side rails (B). (C) causes the nurse to use poor body
mechanics.
A male client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develops cryptococcal meningitis
and tells the nurse he does not want to be resuscitated if his breathing stops. What action should the
nurse implement?
Document the client's request in the medical record.
Ask the client if this decision has been discussed with his healthcare provider.
Inform the client that a written, notarized advance directive, is required to withhold resuscitation
efforts.
Advise the client to designate a person to make healthcare decisions when the client is unable to do
so.
Ask the client if this decision has been discussed with his healthcare provider.
Advance directives are written statements of a person's wishes regarding medical care, and verbal
directives may be given to a healthcare provider with specific instructions in the presence of two
witnesses. To obtain this prescription, the client should discuss his choice with the healthcare
provider (B). (A) is insufficient to implement the client's request without legal consequences.
Although (C and D) provide legal protection of the client's wishes, the present request needs
additional action.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXAM 2025
Which statement is an example of a correctly written nursing diagnosis statement?
Altered tissue perfusion related to congestive heart failure.
Altered urinary elimination related to urinary tract infection.
Risk for impaired tissue integrity related to client's refusal to turn.
Ineffective coping related to response to positive biopsy test results.
Ineffective coping related to response to positive biopsy test results.
Rationale
The first part of the nursing diagnosis statement is the "diagnostic label" and is followed by "related
to" the cause, which should direct the nurse to the appropriate interventions. (D) best fits this
criteria. (A and B) contain a medical diagnosis. (C) includes an observable cause, but (D) focuses on
the client's "response," which the nurse can provide support, reflection, and dialogue.
A 73-year-old Hispanic client is seen at the community health clinic with a history of protein
malnutrition. What information should the nurse obtain first?
Amount of liquid protein supplements consumed daily.
Foods and liquids consumed during the past 24 hours.
Usual weekly intake of milk products and red meats.
Grains and legume combinations used by the client.
Foods and liquids consumed during the past 24 hours.
Rationale
A client's dietary habits should be determined first by the client's dietary recall (B) before suggesting
protein sources or supplements (A and C) as options in the client's diet. Although grains and legumes
(D) contain incomplete proteins that reduces the essential amino acid pools inside the cells, the
client's cultural preferences should be elicited after confirming the client's dietary history.
While preparing to insert a rectal suppository in a male adult client, the nurse observes that the client
is holding his breath while bearing down. What action should the nurse implement?
Advise the client to continue to bear down without holding his breath.
Gently insert the lubricated suppository four inches into the rectum.
Perform a digital exam to determine if a fecal impaction is present.
Instruct the client to take slow deep breaths and stop bearing down.
Instruct the client to take slow deep breaths and stop bearing down.
During administration of a rectal suppository, the client is asked to take slow deep breaths through
the mouth to relax the anal sphincter (D). Bearing down (A) will push the suppository out of the
A+ TEST BANK 3
, PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXAM 2025
rectum, so the suppository should not be inserted while the client is bearing down (B). Further data
is needed before performing an invasive digital exam to check for fecal impaction (C).
When preparing to administer an intravenous medication through a central venous catheter, the
nurse aspirates a blood return in one of the lumens of the triple lumen catheter. Which action should
the nurse implement?
Flush the lumen with the saline solution and administer the medication through the lumen.
Determine if a PRN prescription for a thrombolytic agent is listed on the medication record.
Clamp the lumen and obtain a syringe of a dilute heparin solution to flush through the tubing.
Withdraw the aspirated blood into the syringe and use a new syringe to administer the medication.
Flush the lumen with the saline solution and administer the medication through the lumen.
Rationale: Aspiration of a blood return in the lumen of a central venous catheter indicates that the
catheter is in place and the medication can be administered. The nurse should flush the tubing with
the saline solution, administer the medication (A), then flush the lumen with saline again. (B and C)
are not necessary. The aspirated blood can be flushed back through the closed system into the
client's bloodstream, but does not need to be withdrawn (D).
A male client with an infected wound tells the nurse that he follows a macrobiotic diet. Which type of
foods should the nurse recommend that the client select from the hospital menu?
Low fat and low sodium foods.
Combination of plant proteins to provide essential amino acids.
Limited complex carbohydrates and fiber.
Increased amount of vitamin C and beta carotene rich foods.
Combination of plant proteins to provide essential amino acids.
Rationale
A macrobiotic diet is high in whole-grain cereals, vegetables, sea vegetables, beans, and vegetarian
soups, and the client needs essential amino acids to provide complete proteins to heal the infected
wound. Although a macrobiotic diet contains no source of animal protein, essential amino acids
should be obtained by combining plant (incomplete) proteins to provide complete (all essential
amino acids) proteins (B) for anabolic processes. (A, C, and D) do not provide the client with food
choices consistent with a macrobiotic diet and protein needs.
A client in hospice care develops audible gurgling sounds on inspiration. Which nursing action has the
highest priority?
Ensure cultural customs are observed.
Increase oxygen flow to 4L/minute.
A+ TEST BANK 4
PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXAM 2025/2026
COMPLETE verified QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW!!
A 75-year-old client who has a history of end stage renal failure and advanced lung cancer, recently
had a stroke. Two days ago the healthcare provider discontinued the client's dialysis treatments,
stating that death is inevitable, but the client is disoriented and will not sign a DNR directive. What is
the priority nursing intervention?
Review the client's most recent laboratory reports.
Refer the client and family members for hospice care.
Notify the hospital ethics committee of the client situation.
Determine who is legally empowered to make decisions.
Determine who is legally empowered to make decisions.
Rationale:
When death is impending, it is essential for the nurse to determine who is legally empowered to
make decisions regarding the use of life-saving measures for the client (D). (A) will be abnormal and
will worsen without dialysis, so are not of immediate concern. (B) may help improve the client's
quality of life prior to death, but is of less immediacy than determining whether actions should be
taken to save a client's life. If the nurse remains unable to determine who is empowered to make
decisions in this situation, the nurse may choose to contact the ethics committee (C) for a resolution.
A client with Raynaud's disease asks the nurse about using biofeedback for self-management of
symptoms. What response is best for the nurse to provide?
The responses to biofeedback have not been well established and may be a waste of time and
money.
Biofeedback requires extensive training to retrain voluntary muscles, not involuntary responses.
Although biofeedback is easily learned, it is most often used to manage exacerbation of symptoms.
Biofeedback allows the client to control involuntary responses to promote peripheral vasodilation.
A+ TEST BANK 1
, PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXAM 2025
Biofeedback allows the client to control involuntary responses to promote peripheral vasodilation.
Rationale
Biofeedback involves the use of various monitoring devices that help people become more aware
and able to control their own physiologic responses, such as heart rate, body temperature, muscle
tension, and brain waves. (D) is an accurate statement concerning its use for clients with Raynaud's
disease. (A, B, and C) do not provide correct information about biofeedback.
When making the bed of a client who needs a bed cradle, which action should the nurse include?
Teach the client to call for help before getting out of bed.
Keep both the upper and lower side rails in a raised position.
Keep the bed in the lowest position while changing the sheets.
Drape the top sheet and covers loosely over the bed cradle.
Drape the top sheet and covers loosely over the bed cradle.
Rationale:
A bed cradle is used to keep the top bedclothes off the client, so the nurse should drape the top
sheet and covers loosely over the cradle (D). A client using a bed cradle may still be able to ambulate
independently (A) and does not require raised side rails (B). (C) causes the nurse to use poor body
mechanics.
A male client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develops cryptococcal meningitis
and tells the nurse he does not want to be resuscitated if his breathing stops. What action should the
nurse implement?
Document the client's request in the medical record.
Ask the client if this decision has been discussed with his healthcare provider.
Inform the client that a written, notarized advance directive, is required to withhold resuscitation
efforts.
Advise the client to designate a person to make healthcare decisions when the client is unable to do
so.
Ask the client if this decision has been discussed with his healthcare provider.
Advance directives are written statements of a person's wishes regarding medical care, and verbal
directives may be given to a healthcare provider with specific instructions in the presence of two
witnesses. To obtain this prescription, the client should discuss his choice with the healthcare
provider (B). (A) is insufficient to implement the client's request without legal consequences.
Although (C and D) provide legal protection of the client's wishes, the present request needs
additional action.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXAM 2025
Which statement is an example of a correctly written nursing diagnosis statement?
Altered tissue perfusion related to congestive heart failure.
Altered urinary elimination related to urinary tract infection.
Risk for impaired tissue integrity related to client's refusal to turn.
Ineffective coping related to response to positive biopsy test results.
Ineffective coping related to response to positive biopsy test results.
Rationale
The first part of the nursing diagnosis statement is the "diagnostic label" and is followed by "related
to" the cause, which should direct the nurse to the appropriate interventions. (D) best fits this
criteria. (A and B) contain a medical diagnosis. (C) includes an observable cause, but (D) focuses on
the client's "response," which the nurse can provide support, reflection, and dialogue.
A 73-year-old Hispanic client is seen at the community health clinic with a history of protein
malnutrition. What information should the nurse obtain first?
Amount of liquid protein supplements consumed daily.
Foods and liquids consumed during the past 24 hours.
Usual weekly intake of milk products and red meats.
Grains and legume combinations used by the client.
Foods and liquids consumed during the past 24 hours.
Rationale
A client's dietary habits should be determined first by the client's dietary recall (B) before suggesting
protein sources or supplements (A and C) as options in the client's diet. Although grains and legumes
(D) contain incomplete proteins that reduces the essential amino acid pools inside the cells, the
client's cultural preferences should be elicited after confirming the client's dietary history.
While preparing to insert a rectal suppository in a male adult client, the nurse observes that the client
is holding his breath while bearing down. What action should the nurse implement?
Advise the client to continue to bear down without holding his breath.
Gently insert the lubricated suppository four inches into the rectum.
Perform a digital exam to determine if a fecal impaction is present.
Instruct the client to take slow deep breaths and stop bearing down.
Instruct the client to take slow deep breaths and stop bearing down.
During administration of a rectal suppository, the client is asked to take slow deep breaths through
the mouth to relax the anal sphincter (D). Bearing down (A) will push the suppository out of the
A+ TEST BANK 3
, PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXAM 2025
rectum, so the suppository should not be inserted while the client is bearing down (B). Further data
is needed before performing an invasive digital exam to check for fecal impaction (C).
When preparing to administer an intravenous medication through a central venous catheter, the
nurse aspirates a blood return in one of the lumens of the triple lumen catheter. Which action should
the nurse implement?
Flush the lumen with the saline solution and administer the medication through the lumen.
Determine if a PRN prescription for a thrombolytic agent is listed on the medication record.
Clamp the lumen and obtain a syringe of a dilute heparin solution to flush through the tubing.
Withdraw the aspirated blood into the syringe and use a new syringe to administer the medication.
Flush the lumen with the saline solution and administer the medication through the lumen.
Rationale: Aspiration of a blood return in the lumen of a central venous catheter indicates that the
catheter is in place and the medication can be administered. The nurse should flush the tubing with
the saline solution, administer the medication (A), then flush the lumen with saline again. (B and C)
are not necessary. The aspirated blood can be flushed back through the closed system into the
client's bloodstream, but does not need to be withdrawn (D).
A male client with an infected wound tells the nurse that he follows a macrobiotic diet. Which type of
foods should the nurse recommend that the client select from the hospital menu?
Low fat and low sodium foods.
Combination of plant proteins to provide essential amino acids.
Limited complex carbohydrates and fiber.
Increased amount of vitamin C and beta carotene rich foods.
Combination of plant proteins to provide essential amino acids.
Rationale
A macrobiotic diet is high in whole-grain cereals, vegetables, sea vegetables, beans, and vegetarian
soups, and the client needs essential amino acids to provide complete proteins to heal the infected
wound. Although a macrobiotic diet contains no source of animal protein, essential amino acids
should be obtained by combining plant (incomplete) proteins to provide complete (all essential
amino acids) proteins (B) for anabolic processes. (A, C, and D) do not provide the client with food
choices consistent with a macrobiotic diet and protein needs.
A client in hospice care develops audible gurgling sounds on inspiration. Which nursing action has the
highest priority?
Ensure cultural customs are observed.
Increase oxygen flow to 4L/minute.
A+ TEST BANK 4
