2
, 3
Solutions Manual for Digital Image Processing and p p p p p p
p Analysis Computer Vision and Image Analysis, 4e by Scott p p p p p p p p
p Umbaugh (All Chapters) p p
Solutions for Chapter 1: Digital Image Processing and Analysis
p p p p p p p p
1. Digital image processing is also referred to as computer imaging and can be defined as the
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
acquisition and processing of visual information by computer. It can be divided into
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
application areas of computer vision and human vision; where in computer vision applications
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
the end user is a computer and in human vision applications the end user is a human. Image
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
analysis ties these two primary application areas together, and can be defined as the
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
examination of image data to solve a computer imaging problem. A computer vision system
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
can be thought of as a deployed image analysis system.
p p p p p p p p p p
2. In general, a computer vision system has an imaging device, such as a camera, and a
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
computer running analysis software to perform a desired task. Such as: A system to inspect
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
parts on an assembly line. A system to aid in the diagnosis of cancer via MRI images. A system
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
to automatically navigate a vehicle across Martian terrain. A system to inspect welds in an
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
automotive assembly factory.
p p p
3. The image analysis process requires the use of tools such as image segmentation, image
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
transforms, feature extraction and pattern classification. Image segmentation is often one of
p p p p p p p p p p p p
the first steps in finding higher level objects from the raw image data. Feature extraction is the
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
process of acquiring higher level image information, such as shape or color information, and
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
may
p
, 4
require the use of image transforms to find spatial frequency information. Pattern classification
p p p p p p p p p p p p
is the act of taking this higher level information and identifying objects within the image.
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
4. hardware and software. p p
5. Gigabyte Ethernet, USB 3.2, USB 4.0, Camera Link. p p p p p p p
6. It samples an analog video signal to create a digital image. This sampling is done at a fixed
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
rate when it measures the voltage of the signal and uses this value for the pixel brightness. It
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
uses the horizontal synch pulse to control timing for one line of video (one row in the digital
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
image), and the vertical synch pulse to tell the end of a field or frame
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
7. A sensor is a measuring device that responds to various parts of the EM spectrum, or
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
other signal that we desire to measure. To create images the measurements are taken
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
across a two- dimensional gird, thus creating a digital image.
p p p p p p p p p p
8. A range image is an image where the pixel values correspond to the distance from the
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
imaging sensor. They are typically created with radar, ultrasound or lasers.
p p p p p p p p p p p
9. The reflectance function describes the way an object reflects incident light. This relates
p p p p p p p p p p p p
to what we call color and texture it determines how the object looks.
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
10. Radiance is the light energy reflected from, or emitted by, an object; whereas irradiance is
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
the incident light falling on a surface. So radiance is measured in Power/(Area)(SolidAngle), and
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
irradiance is measure in Power./Area.
p p p p p
11. A photon is a massless particle that is used to model EM radiation. A CCD is a charge-
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
coupled device. Quantum efficiency is a measure of how effectively a sensing element
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
converts photonic energy into electrical energy, and is given by the ratio of electrical output
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
to photonic input.
p p p
, 5
1 1 1 p
12. See fig 1.4-5 and use the lens
p p p p p p
p
p
. If the object is at infinity:
p p p p p p
equation:
p
p
a b f
1 p 1 1 p
1 p 1 0
p p p p f p b
p
p p p
b f b f
, 3
Solutions Manual for Digital Image Processing and p p p p p p
p Analysis Computer Vision and Image Analysis, 4e by Scott p p p p p p p p
p Umbaugh (All Chapters) p p
Solutions for Chapter 1: Digital Image Processing and Analysis
p p p p p p p p
1. Digital image processing is also referred to as computer imaging and can be defined as the
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
acquisition and processing of visual information by computer. It can be divided into
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
application areas of computer vision and human vision; where in computer vision applications
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
the end user is a computer and in human vision applications the end user is a human. Image
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
analysis ties these two primary application areas together, and can be defined as the
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
examination of image data to solve a computer imaging problem. A computer vision system
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
can be thought of as a deployed image analysis system.
p p p p p p p p p p
2. In general, a computer vision system has an imaging device, such as a camera, and a
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
computer running analysis software to perform a desired task. Such as: A system to inspect
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
parts on an assembly line. A system to aid in the diagnosis of cancer via MRI images. A system
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
to automatically navigate a vehicle across Martian terrain. A system to inspect welds in an
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
automotive assembly factory.
p p p
3. The image analysis process requires the use of tools such as image segmentation, image
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
transforms, feature extraction and pattern classification. Image segmentation is often one of
p p p p p p p p p p p p
the first steps in finding higher level objects from the raw image data. Feature extraction is the
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
process of acquiring higher level image information, such as shape or color information, and
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
may
p
, 4
require the use of image transforms to find spatial frequency information. Pattern classification
p p p p p p p p p p p p
is the act of taking this higher level information and identifying objects within the image.
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
4. hardware and software. p p
5. Gigabyte Ethernet, USB 3.2, USB 4.0, Camera Link. p p p p p p p
6. It samples an analog video signal to create a digital image. This sampling is done at a fixed
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
rate when it measures the voltage of the signal and uses this value for the pixel brightness. It
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
uses the horizontal synch pulse to control timing for one line of video (one row in the digital
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
image), and the vertical synch pulse to tell the end of a field or frame
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
7. A sensor is a measuring device that responds to various parts of the EM spectrum, or
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
other signal that we desire to measure. To create images the measurements are taken
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
across a two- dimensional gird, thus creating a digital image.
p p p p p p p p p p
8. A range image is an image where the pixel values correspond to the distance from the
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
imaging sensor. They are typically created with radar, ultrasound or lasers.
p p p p p p p p p p p
9. The reflectance function describes the way an object reflects incident light. This relates
p p p p p p p p p p p p
to what we call color and texture it determines how the object looks.
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
10. Radiance is the light energy reflected from, or emitted by, an object; whereas irradiance is
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
the incident light falling on a surface. So radiance is measured in Power/(Area)(SolidAngle), and
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
irradiance is measure in Power./Area.
p p p p p
11. A photon is a massless particle that is used to model EM radiation. A CCD is a charge-
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
coupled device. Quantum efficiency is a measure of how effectively a sensing element
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
converts photonic energy into electrical energy, and is given by the ratio of electrical output
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
to photonic input.
p p p
, 5
1 1 1 p
12. See fig 1.4-5 and use the lens
p p p p p p
p
p
. If the object is at infinity:
p p p p p p
equation:
p
p
a b f
1 p 1 1 p
1 p 1 0
p p p p f p b
p
p p p
b f b f
