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, Chapter 1: Nursing Today
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ACCURATE ANSWER: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was instrumental
in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lillian
Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of nursing
practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ACCURATE ANSWER: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the
patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to
determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse implements (carries out)
the identified plan.
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
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,OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning MSC: Management of
Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is the
nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ACCURATE ANSWER: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is an
example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is able to
assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences
to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care required by the type of
patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent practitioner who is
able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse who has had some level of
experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience may only be observational in
nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
DIF: Apply (application)
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Management of
Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids. The
nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ACCURATE ANSWER: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN candidate
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, must pass the NCLEX- -
certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are responsible,
professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
DIF: Apply (application)
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation MSC:
Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ACCURATE ANSWER: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and has
personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or facility. As an educator, you
explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate
procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient’s
progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide
assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As a caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain
health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level function and independence through the
healing process.
DIF: Apply (application)
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation MSC:
Management of Care
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice nurse.
However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory development. To fulfill this desire,
which program should the nurse attend?
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc)
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD)
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP)
Page | 4
, Chapter 1: Nursing Today
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ACCURATE ANSWER: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was instrumental
in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lillian
Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of nursing
practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ACCURATE ANSWER: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the
patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to
determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse implements (carries out)
the identified plan.
DIF: Understand (comprehension)
Page | 2
,OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning MSC: Management of
Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is the
nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ACCURATE ANSWER: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is an
example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is able to
assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences
to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care required by the type of
patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent practitioner who is
able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse who has had some level of
experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This experience may only be observational in
nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
DIF: Apply (application)
OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation MSC: Management of
Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids. The
nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ACCURATE ANSWER: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN candidate
Page | 3
, must pass the NCLEX- -
certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are responsible,
professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
DIF: Apply (application)
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation MSC:
Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ACCURATE ANSWER: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and has
personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or facility. As an educator, you
explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate
procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient’s
progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide
assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As a caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain
health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level function and independence through the
healing process.
DIF: Apply (application)
OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation MSC:
Management of Care
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice nurse.
However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory development. To fulfill this desire,
which program should the nurse attend?
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc)
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD)
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP)
Page | 4
