D115 master set-Advanced Pathophysiology
|\ |\ |\ |\
for the Advanced Practice Nurse questions
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with answers |\
Which type of genetic disease affects males more
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
frequently than females? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sex- |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one Y,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
if the affected chromosome has the illness, it will be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
expressed.
In which two conditions are chromosomal abnormalities
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the leading known cause? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Chromosome abnormalities are the leading known cause |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are three examples of prenatal diagnostic studies? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Chorionic villus sampling (CVS),
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
are examples of prenatal diagnostic studies and are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
performed in vitro. CVS is a form of genetic testing that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
provides genetic information found in utero and is usually
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
performed between weeks 11 and 14 of pregnancy. An
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
amniocentesis is a form of genetic testing that evaluates |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
amniotic fluid and is usually performed during the second
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
trimester, between weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy. PGT is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
performed on the embryo prior to implantation. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of a zygote having one chromosome with a normal
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
complement of genes and one chromosome with a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
missing gene? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cri du chat
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is caused by a|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
DNA deletion. This term describes the cry often heard
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
from a baby affected by the syndrome. Cri du chat
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
syndrome can present as a microcephalic, low birth- |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
weight baby with a piercing cry.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
How can an X-linked recessive disease skip generations? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The disease can be transmitted
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
through female carriers. |\ |\
Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mother may provide an unaffected X to a daughter or son.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Furthermore, a daughter may not show signs of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disease because she has the other X (the only X the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
father can give to a female) to cancel it out.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which type of risk is referred to as the ratio of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disease rate among the entire population to the disease
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
rate in an unexposed population? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Relative risk is a ratio of probability, not an actual |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
occurrence of disease. |\ |\
What are the empirical risks for most multifactorial
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diseases based on? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Many factors
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
from lifestyle to genetics affect multifactorial diseases.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Observation and evaluation of each case individually |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
provides the most thorough and accurate assessment.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair. -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The imprinted gene is the silent
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gene of a gene pair.|\ |\ |\ |\
What is the primary reason that some older adults have
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
impaired inflammation and wound healing? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔The underlying chronic illness exists. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
illness depletes the body's reserves to fight against
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
illness.
Which cells are the body's primary defense against
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
parasite invasion? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Eosinophils
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
are the body's primary defense against parasites.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What Phagocytes bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Macrophages work by eating or phagocytosing |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
bacteria.
What is the first response to a foreign pathogen? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Helper T cells |\ |\ |\ |\
Which characteristic is the most important determinant of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
immunogenicity when considering the antigen? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Immunogenicity is primarily based
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
on the ability to recognize something foreign.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, How are erythrocytes destroyed when mismatched blood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is administered, causing an ABO incompatibility? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The complement pathway is |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
activated in response to blood incompatibility. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What is the hypersensitivity reaction that causes atopic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dermatitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An immediate (type I) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypersensitivity reaction causes atopic dermatitis.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which four infections are considered fungal infections? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Infection with a fungus is called |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mycosis and includes dermatophytes (e.g., tineas, which
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
refers to several skin mycoses, including ringworm and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
athlete's foot) and yeasts, which include candida and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
aspergillus.
When is the earliest after sexual transmission of HIV that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
lab results can detect infection? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Lab testing can detect HIV RNA 4 to 10 days after
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
sexual transmission, whereas HIV antibody testing may
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
take 23 to 90 days to result in a positive test. Repeat
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
testing may be needed to rule out a false negative test
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
due to testing too soon after exposure, especially if a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
high likelihood of exposure is suspected.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What is a characteristic of exotoxins? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Exotoxins are released during bacterial |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
growth.
|\ |\ |\ |\
for the Advanced Practice Nurse questions
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with answers |\
Which type of genetic disease affects males more
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
frequently than females? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sex- |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one Y,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
if the affected chromosome has the illness, it will be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
expressed.
In which two conditions are chromosomal abnormalities
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the leading known cause? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Chromosome abnormalities are the leading known cause |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are three examples of prenatal diagnostic studies? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Chorionic villus sampling (CVS),
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
are examples of prenatal diagnostic studies and are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
performed in vitro. CVS is a form of genetic testing that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
provides genetic information found in utero and is usually
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
performed between weeks 11 and 14 of pregnancy. An
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
amniocentesis is a form of genetic testing that evaluates |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
amniotic fluid and is usually performed during the second
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
trimester, between weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy. PGT is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
performed on the embryo prior to implantation. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of a zygote having one chromosome with a normal
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
complement of genes and one chromosome with a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
missing gene? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cri du chat
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is caused by a|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
DNA deletion. This term describes the cry often heard
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
from a baby affected by the syndrome. Cri du chat
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
syndrome can present as a microcephalic, low birth- |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
weight baby with a piercing cry.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
How can an X-linked recessive disease skip generations? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The disease can be transmitted
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
through female carriers. |\ |\
Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mother may provide an unaffected X to a daughter or son.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Furthermore, a daughter may not show signs of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disease because she has the other X (the only X the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
father can give to a female) to cancel it out.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which type of risk is referred to as the ratio of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disease rate among the entire population to the disease
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
rate in an unexposed population? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Relative risk is a ratio of probability, not an actual |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
occurrence of disease. |\ |\
What are the empirical risks for most multifactorial
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diseases based on? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Many factors
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
from lifestyle to genetics affect multifactorial diseases.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Observation and evaluation of each case individually |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
provides the most thorough and accurate assessment.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair. -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The imprinted gene is the silent
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gene of a gene pair.|\ |\ |\ |\
What is the primary reason that some older adults have
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
impaired inflammation and wound healing? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔The underlying chronic illness exists. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
illness depletes the body's reserves to fight against
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
illness.
Which cells are the body's primary defense against
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
parasite invasion? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Eosinophils
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
are the body's primary defense against parasites.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What Phagocytes bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Macrophages work by eating or phagocytosing |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
bacteria.
What is the first response to a foreign pathogen? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Helper T cells |\ |\ |\ |\
Which characteristic is the most important determinant of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
immunogenicity when considering the antigen? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Immunogenicity is primarily based
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
on the ability to recognize something foreign.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, How are erythrocytes destroyed when mismatched blood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is administered, causing an ABO incompatibility? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The complement pathway is |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
activated in response to blood incompatibility. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What is the hypersensitivity reaction that causes atopic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dermatitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An immediate (type I) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypersensitivity reaction causes atopic dermatitis.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which four infections are considered fungal infections? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Infection with a fungus is called |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mycosis and includes dermatophytes (e.g., tineas, which
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
refers to several skin mycoses, including ringworm and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
athlete's foot) and yeasts, which include candida and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
aspergillus.
When is the earliest after sexual transmission of HIV that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
lab results can detect infection? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Lab testing can detect HIV RNA 4 to 10 days after
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
sexual transmission, whereas HIV antibody testing may
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
take 23 to 90 days to result in a positive test. Repeat
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
testing may be needed to rule out a false negative test
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
due to testing too soon after exposure, especially if a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
high likelihood of exposure is suspected.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What is a characteristic of exotoxins? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Exotoxins are released during bacterial |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
growth.
