AUDESIRK AUDESIRK BYERS
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 10e (Audesirk)
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Life on Earth
1.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Scientific inquiry is based on
A) natural selection.
B) stories that are passed down through generations.
C) natural causes.
D) information found in a gossip magazine.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Which of the following is an example a natural cause?
A) Mice arise from discarded garbage.
B) Maggots appear spontaneously on rotting meat.
C) Epilepsy is a disease caused by uncontrolled firing of nerve cells in the brain.
D) If you sneeze you will die.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
3) Science cannot answer certain faith-based questions because
A) scientists are not able to study human behavior.
B) faith-based beliefs are impossible to either prove or disprove.
C) faith requires deductive reasoning.
D) there aren't enough variables.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
TENTH EDITION Section: 1.1
BIOLOGY
Skill: Application/Analysis
4) Which of the following is FALSE about scientific theories?
A) They have been thoroughly tested.
B) They are developed by inductive reasoning.
C) They are used to support observations using deductive reasoning.
D) They can be either supported or modified by new observations.
E) They are firmly established and cannot be refuted.
Life on Earth Answer: E
Diff: 1
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
WITH PHYSIOLOGY
1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
,5) Which of these is NOT scientific? 9) A scientific explanation that is tentative and requires more investigation is called a(n)
A) A study determines differences in the species composition in two parks. A) theory.
B) People are immunized with different vaccines to determine their relative effectiveness against B) fact.
the flu virus. C) control.
C) NASA sends tadpoles up in the space shuttle to see how gravity affects their development. D) hypothesis.
D) Consumers are asked which tomato variety produces the best-tasting spaghetti sauce. E) observation.
E) A company uses different advertising methods for a product to determine which one produces Answer: D
the most sales. Diff: 2
Answer: D Section: 1.1
Diff: 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis 10) A carefully formulated scientific explanation that is based on extensive observations and is in
accord with scientific principles is called a
6) The scientific method includes all of the following EXCEPT: A) hypothesis.
A) experimentation. B) theory.
B) a testable theory. C) fact.
C) an observation. D) control.
D) a hypothesis. E) postulate.
E) conclusions. Answer: B
Answer: B Diff: 2
Diff: 2 Section: 1.1
Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
11) All the following are features of the scientific method EXCEPT:
7) We use the scientific method every day. Imagine that your car doesn't start one morning A) hypothesis formulation.
before school. Which of these is a reasonable hypothesis regarding the problem? B) observation and experimentation.
A) I'm going to be late. C) supernatural causes.
B) I'm out of gas. D) inductive reasoning.
C) I should check whether the lights were left on and drained the battery. E) repeatable by other scientists.
D) I should change the battery or the starter. Answer: C
E) I should add a quart of oil. Diff: 2
Answer: B Section: 1.1
Diff: 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis 12) Suppose you are testing a treatment for AIDS patients and find that 75% respond very well
whereas 25% show no improvement or a decline in health. You should:
8) A scientific theory A) conclude that you have proven the effectiveness of the drug.
A) is a general explanation for natural phenomena. B) conclude that only 75% of AIDS patients should be treated.
B) is an educated guess. C) review the results, modify the drug or the dosage, and repeat the experiment.
C) is less reliable than a hypothesis. D) discontinue experimentation with this treatment because 25% of patients did not improve.
D) will never be changed. E) begin work on developing a new drug.
Answer: A Answer: C
Diff: 2 Diff: 3
Section: 1.1 Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Skill: Application/Analysis
2 3
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
,13) Alexander Fleming observed a colony of mold that inhibited the growth of nearby bacteria. 17) Which is the correct sequence of increasing organization?
Which of the following was his hypothesis? A) Molecule, cell, organelle, organ
A) The mold used all of the nutrients so that the bacteria couldn't grow. B) Organelle, tissue, cell, organ
B) The mold produced a substance that killed nearby bacteria. C) Atom, molecule, tissue, cell
C) The bacteria changed their DNA when growing near the mold. D) Organ, tissue, cell, molecule
D) The mold was dead. E) Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
Answer: B Answer: E
Diff: 2 Diff: 1
Section: 1.1 Section: 1.1
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
14) Imagine that 1 milliliter of an experimental drug diluted in a saline solution is injected into 18) Which of the following levels of organization is the most inclusive (that is, includes the most
20 pregnant mice to determine possible side effects. Which of the following is a suitable control life-forms)?
for this experiment? A) Organ system
A) 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline B) Population
B) 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug C) Biosphere
C) 20 pregnant mice injected with 2 milliliters of the drug D) Community
D) 20 nonpregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug E) Ecosystem
E) 20 pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline Answer: C
Answer: E Diff: 1
Diff: 2 Section: 1.1
Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Skill: Application/Analysis
19) The smallest units that still retain the characteristics of an element are called
15) Which of the following statements is a hypothesis rather than a theory? A) molecules.
A) Matter is composed of atoms. B) cells.
B) Living things are made of cells. C) atoms.
C) Modern organisms descended from preexisting life-forms. D) tissues.
D) Female birds prefer to mate with male birds that have longer tails. E) organic molecules.
Answer: D Answer: C
Diff: 2 Diff: 1
Section: 1.1 Section: 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
16) Which of the following is true regarding faith-based beliefs and scientific theories? 20) Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?
A) Both faith-based beliefs and scientific theories can be proven. A) All objects on Earth will fall down when dropped, and none will "fall up."
B) Any and all faith-based beliefs can be disproven, but scientific theories cannot. B) Living objects are composed of cells.
C) Any and all scientific theories can be disproven, but faith-based beliefs cannot. C) Atoms make up molecules, which make up cells, which make up tissues.
D) Scientific theories are not modifiable, but faith-based beliefs are. D) If an object exhibits all the characteristics of life, it must be living.
E) Faith-based beliefs can become scientific theories. Answer: D
Answer: C Diff: 1
Diff: 1 Section: 1.1
Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4 5
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 21) The experiments of Francesco Redi 25) All of the following are important to the theory of evolution EXCEPT:
A) disproved that maggots and flies were related. A) environmental change.
B) disproved the idea of spontaneous generation. B) variation in traits within a population.
C) disproved the scientific method. C) mutations.
D) used the scientific method to prove the idea of spontaneous generation. D) inheritance of traits.
E) determined that flies come from maggots. E) changes in individuals within their lifetimes.
Answer: B Answer: E
Diff: 2 Diff: 2
Section: 1.1 Section: 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) Francesco Redi designed an experiment to test the notion of spontaneous generation. He left 26) Which is NOT an example of evolution?
the first jar of meat open to the air and covered the second jar. The first jar would be called the A) The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
________ jar. B) Flightless birds living on islands without predators
A) experimental C) Annual changes in the flu virus
B) control D) A dog learning how to open the cabinet where its food is kept
C) conclusive E) The 2- to 3-year effectiveness of most commercial pesticides
D) hypothetical Answer: D
Answer: B Diff: 3
Diff: 2 Section: 1.2
Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis
Skill: Application/Analysis
27) A mutation can be the cause for
23) To test the effect of vitamin D on growth, two groups of rats were raised under identical A) environmental change.
conditions and fed the same diet. One of the groups received daily injections of vitamin D. The B) natural selection.
other group received injections of saline, which did not contain vitamin D. All the rats were C) sexual reproduction.
weighed weekly for 2 months. In this experiment, the control was the D) growth and development.
A) group receiving vitamin D. E) sperm and egg formation.
B) group receiving saline. Answer: B
C) average weight gain of the rats. Diff: 2
D) 2-month period of time. Section: 1.2
Answer: B Skill: Application/Analysis
Diff: 2
Section: 1.1 28) A mutation is a
Skill: Application/Analysis A) physical deformity, such as the loss of a limb.
B) change in the DNA sequence.
24) Evolution is sometimes described as the change from preexisting life-forms to modern-day C) dose of radiation.
organisms. What actually changes, in every case of evolution, is the D) defective egg or sperm cell.
A) rate of reproduction. Answer: B
B) ability of organisms to respond to external stimuli. Diff: 1
C) energy and nutritional demands of the organism. Section: 1.2
D) genetic makeup of the species. Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
E) species' physical appearance.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 1.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
6 7
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 10e (Audesirk)
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Life on Earth
1.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Scientific inquiry is based on
A) natural selection.
B) stories that are passed down through generations.
C) natural causes.
D) information found in a gossip magazine.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Which of the following is an example a natural cause?
A) Mice arise from discarded garbage.
B) Maggots appear spontaneously on rotting meat.
C) Epilepsy is a disease caused by uncontrolled firing of nerve cells in the brain.
D) If you sneeze you will die.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
3) Science cannot answer certain faith-based questions because
A) scientists are not able to study human behavior.
B) faith-based beliefs are impossible to either prove or disprove.
C) faith requires deductive reasoning.
D) there aren't enough variables.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
TENTH EDITION Section: 1.1
BIOLOGY
Skill: Application/Analysis
4) Which of the following is FALSE about scientific theories?
A) They have been thoroughly tested.
B) They are developed by inductive reasoning.
C) They are used to support observations using deductive reasoning.
D) They can be either supported or modified by new observations.
E) They are firmly established and cannot be refuted.
Life on Earth Answer: E
Diff: 1
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
WITH PHYSIOLOGY
1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
,5) Which of these is NOT scientific? 9) A scientific explanation that is tentative and requires more investigation is called a(n)
A) A study determines differences in the species composition in two parks. A) theory.
B) People are immunized with different vaccines to determine their relative effectiveness against B) fact.
the flu virus. C) control.
C) NASA sends tadpoles up in the space shuttle to see how gravity affects their development. D) hypothesis.
D) Consumers are asked which tomato variety produces the best-tasting spaghetti sauce. E) observation.
E) A company uses different advertising methods for a product to determine which one produces Answer: D
the most sales. Diff: 2
Answer: D Section: 1.1
Diff: 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis 10) A carefully formulated scientific explanation that is based on extensive observations and is in
accord with scientific principles is called a
6) The scientific method includes all of the following EXCEPT: A) hypothesis.
A) experimentation. B) theory.
B) a testable theory. C) fact.
C) an observation. D) control.
D) a hypothesis. E) postulate.
E) conclusions. Answer: B
Answer: B Diff: 2
Diff: 2 Section: 1.1
Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
11) All the following are features of the scientific method EXCEPT:
7) We use the scientific method every day. Imagine that your car doesn't start one morning A) hypothesis formulation.
before school. Which of these is a reasonable hypothesis regarding the problem? B) observation and experimentation.
A) I'm going to be late. C) supernatural causes.
B) I'm out of gas. D) inductive reasoning.
C) I should check whether the lights were left on and drained the battery. E) repeatable by other scientists.
D) I should change the battery or the starter. Answer: C
E) I should add a quart of oil. Diff: 2
Answer: B Section: 1.1
Diff: 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis 12) Suppose you are testing a treatment for AIDS patients and find that 75% respond very well
whereas 25% show no improvement or a decline in health. You should:
8) A scientific theory A) conclude that you have proven the effectiveness of the drug.
A) is a general explanation for natural phenomena. B) conclude that only 75% of AIDS patients should be treated.
B) is an educated guess. C) review the results, modify the drug or the dosage, and repeat the experiment.
C) is less reliable than a hypothesis. D) discontinue experimentation with this treatment because 25% of patients did not improve.
D) will never be changed. E) begin work on developing a new drug.
Answer: A Answer: C
Diff: 2 Diff: 3
Section: 1.1 Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Skill: Application/Analysis
2 3
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
,13) Alexander Fleming observed a colony of mold that inhibited the growth of nearby bacteria. 17) Which is the correct sequence of increasing organization?
Which of the following was his hypothesis? A) Molecule, cell, organelle, organ
A) The mold used all of the nutrients so that the bacteria couldn't grow. B) Organelle, tissue, cell, organ
B) The mold produced a substance that killed nearby bacteria. C) Atom, molecule, tissue, cell
C) The bacteria changed their DNA when growing near the mold. D) Organ, tissue, cell, molecule
D) The mold was dead. E) Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
Answer: B Answer: E
Diff: 2 Diff: 1
Section: 1.1 Section: 1.1
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
14) Imagine that 1 milliliter of an experimental drug diluted in a saline solution is injected into 18) Which of the following levels of organization is the most inclusive (that is, includes the most
20 pregnant mice to determine possible side effects. Which of the following is a suitable control life-forms)?
for this experiment? A) Organ system
A) 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline B) Population
B) 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug C) Biosphere
C) 20 pregnant mice injected with 2 milliliters of the drug D) Community
D) 20 nonpregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug E) Ecosystem
E) 20 pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline Answer: C
Answer: E Diff: 1
Diff: 2 Section: 1.1
Section: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Skill: Application/Analysis
19) The smallest units that still retain the characteristics of an element are called
15) Which of the following statements is a hypothesis rather than a theory? A) molecules.
A) Matter is composed of atoms. B) cells.
B) Living things are made of cells. C) atoms.
C) Modern organisms descended from preexisting life-forms. D) tissues.
D) Female birds prefer to mate with male birds that have longer tails. E) organic molecules.
Answer: D Answer: C
Diff: 2 Diff: 1
Section: 1.1 Section: 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
16) Which of the following is true regarding faith-based beliefs and scientific theories? 20) Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?
A) Both faith-based beliefs and scientific theories can be proven. A) All objects on Earth will fall down when dropped, and none will "fall up."
B) Any and all faith-based beliefs can be disproven, but scientific theories cannot. B) Living objects are composed of cells.
C) Any and all scientific theories can be disproven, but faith-based beliefs cannot. C) Atoms make up molecules, which make up cells, which make up tissues.
D) Scientific theories are not modifiable, but faith-based beliefs are. D) If an object exhibits all the characteristics of life, it must be living.
E) Faith-based beliefs can become scientific theories. Answer: D
Answer: C Diff: 1
Diff: 1 Section: 1.1
Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4 5
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 21) The experiments of Francesco Redi 25) All of the following are important to the theory of evolution EXCEPT:
A) disproved that maggots and flies were related. A) environmental change.
B) disproved the idea of spontaneous generation. B) variation in traits within a population.
C) disproved the scientific method. C) mutations.
D) used the scientific method to prove the idea of spontaneous generation. D) inheritance of traits.
E) determined that flies come from maggots. E) changes in individuals within their lifetimes.
Answer: B Answer: E
Diff: 2 Diff: 2
Section: 1.1 Section: 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) Francesco Redi designed an experiment to test the notion of spontaneous generation. He left 26) Which is NOT an example of evolution?
the first jar of meat open to the air and covered the second jar. The first jar would be called the A) The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
________ jar. B) Flightless birds living on islands without predators
A) experimental C) Annual changes in the flu virus
B) control D) A dog learning how to open the cabinet where its food is kept
C) conclusive E) The 2- to 3-year effectiveness of most commercial pesticides
D) hypothetical Answer: D
Answer: B Diff: 3
Diff: 2 Section: 1.2
Section: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis
Skill: Application/Analysis
27) A mutation can be the cause for
23) To test the effect of vitamin D on growth, two groups of rats were raised under identical A) environmental change.
conditions and fed the same diet. One of the groups received daily injections of vitamin D. The B) natural selection.
other group received injections of saline, which did not contain vitamin D. All the rats were C) sexual reproduction.
weighed weekly for 2 months. In this experiment, the control was the D) growth and development.
A) group receiving vitamin D. E) sperm and egg formation.
B) group receiving saline. Answer: B
C) average weight gain of the rats. Diff: 2
D) 2-month period of time. Section: 1.2
Answer: B Skill: Application/Analysis
Diff: 2
Section: 1.1 28) A mutation is a
Skill: Application/Analysis A) physical deformity, such as the loss of a limb.
B) change in the DNA sequence.
24) Evolution is sometimes described as the change from preexisting life-forms to modern-day C) dose of radiation.
organisms. What actually changes, in every case of evolution, is the D) defective egg or sperm cell.
A) rate of reproduction. Answer: B
B) ability of organisms to respond to external stimuli. Diff: 1
C) energy and nutritional demands of the organism. Section: 1.2
D) genetic makeup of the species. Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
E) species' physical appearance.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 1.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
6 7
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
