TCNJ BIO 171 FINAL EXAM
OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT RATED A+
Summarize the steps of the scientific method
✔✔Start with an observation → Ask a question → Form a hypothesis → Make a
prediction → Run an experiment → Analyze the data → Repeat or revise as
needed.
How do the traits of science and philosophy differ?
✔✔- Science tends to build knowledge over time; philosophy doesn’t always aim
for cumulative progress.
✔✔- Scientific fields usually reach more consensus; philosophy often remains
divided.
✔✔- Scientists often work in teams; philosophers typically work more
independently.
Identify the social, theoretical, and practical influences that limited the ways
that scientists and physicians approached understanding the heart through
history
✔✔- Religious beliefs often forbade dissection of human bodies.
✔✔- Lack of advanced technology limited detailed study.
✔✔- Limited access to previous research, books, or anatomical illustrations made
it hard to share knowledge.
List some (at least 2) of the misconceptions about evolution. - ANSWER✔✔1.
Individuals evolve within their lifetime - evolution is the change of a
POPULATIONS composition over GENERATIONS 2. Evolution explains the
, origin of life - Evolution DOES NOT shed light on the beginnings of life / origins
of the first cells
State the two or more of major principles of the theory of evolution by natural
selection - ANSWER✔✔1. There is heritable variation (different genes) in traits
among individuals of most natural populations
2. Populations tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support
3. Some versions of the genes serve fitness better (success of survival and
reproduction)
4. Genetic composition of populations change over time
allopatric speciation - ANSWER✔✔- Involves geographic separations of
populations from a parent species and subsequent evolution
SLOW PROCESS
Ex: If 2 rodent populations were separated by a lake, speciation would be more
likely
Sympatric speciation - ANSWER✔✔Involves speciation occurring within a parent
species remaining in one location
RAPID PROCESS
- Cellular level
Define phylogeny and give an example of some phylogenetic relationships in
animals (can be vertebrates, amniotes, mammals, insects, Covid-19 - whatever
interests you the most). - ANSWER✔✔Phylogeny: The evolutionary history and
relationship of an organism / group of organisms
Ex: Evolution of the eyes of mollusks. Some just have pinhole eyes, others have
eyes with primitive lens, and octopi have more sophisticated / complex eyes
OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT RATED A+
Summarize the steps of the scientific method
✔✔Start with an observation → Ask a question → Form a hypothesis → Make a
prediction → Run an experiment → Analyze the data → Repeat or revise as
needed.
How do the traits of science and philosophy differ?
✔✔- Science tends to build knowledge over time; philosophy doesn’t always aim
for cumulative progress.
✔✔- Scientific fields usually reach more consensus; philosophy often remains
divided.
✔✔- Scientists often work in teams; philosophers typically work more
independently.
Identify the social, theoretical, and practical influences that limited the ways
that scientists and physicians approached understanding the heart through
history
✔✔- Religious beliefs often forbade dissection of human bodies.
✔✔- Lack of advanced technology limited detailed study.
✔✔- Limited access to previous research, books, or anatomical illustrations made
it hard to share knowledge.
List some (at least 2) of the misconceptions about evolution. - ANSWER✔✔1.
Individuals evolve within their lifetime - evolution is the change of a
POPULATIONS composition over GENERATIONS 2. Evolution explains the
, origin of life - Evolution DOES NOT shed light on the beginnings of life / origins
of the first cells
State the two or more of major principles of the theory of evolution by natural
selection - ANSWER✔✔1. There is heritable variation (different genes) in traits
among individuals of most natural populations
2. Populations tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support
3. Some versions of the genes serve fitness better (success of survival and
reproduction)
4. Genetic composition of populations change over time
allopatric speciation - ANSWER✔✔- Involves geographic separations of
populations from a parent species and subsequent evolution
SLOW PROCESS
Ex: If 2 rodent populations were separated by a lake, speciation would be more
likely
Sympatric speciation - ANSWER✔✔Involves speciation occurring within a parent
species remaining in one location
RAPID PROCESS
- Cellular level
Define phylogeny and give an example of some phylogenetic relationships in
animals (can be vertebrates, amniotes, mammals, insects, Covid-19 - whatever
interests you the most). - ANSWER✔✔Phylogeny: The evolutionary history and
relationship of an organism / group of organisms
Ex: Evolution of the eyes of mollusks. Some just have pinhole eyes, others have
eyes with primitive lens, and octopi have more sophisticated / complex eyes
