EOC Study Guide with Accurate
Solutions
What type of questions can be answered through a scientific experiment? - ANS-
questions that are testable
ABC Engineering wants to design a sound barrier that will limit the noise in a residential
Tampa Neighborhood that borders an interstate highway. Materials must be chosen
based on documented studies. Which source of information would be the most reliable
for choosing materials? - ANS-multiple studies done on materials tested for barrier
qualities surrounding airport
Written records have been used to determine past climate history. For example, records
indicate the timing of grape harvests in Europe. A research article titled, "Climate
Induced Historic and Future Changes in Viticulture," published in 2010 by Schultz and
Jones, shows the following graph of harvest dates for three regions with slightly different
climates.
Which statement best describes how an inference about the climate history of Europe
can be drawn from this data? - ANS-An inference can be drawn by comparing changes
in the harvest dates of each region.
Mullet are local estuarine fish that move in schools and feed on plankton and plant
matter. Natural predators of the mullet include spotted sea trout, sharks, pelicans, and
dolphins. An experiment was conducted to monitor the mullet population over a five
year period. The data below shows that the number of mullet in the area has changed
over a five year period.
Year Number of Mullet
1 850
2 800
3 700
4 610
5 550
Based on the data, one researcher concludes that a new predator was introduced into
the area during this time period. Which of the following is a likely alternate explanation
for the change in the mullet population? - ANS-The amount of aquatic in the area
decreased.
It has long been thought that solar energy was the ultimate source of all energy on
Earth. What must have occurred in the scientific community when scientists discovered
the existence of ecosystems near ocean hydrothermal vents? - ANS-Scientists
,conducted further research and eventually modified the theory to include this source of
chemical energy.
Stephanie enjoys going camping. During a camping trip she began to observe the
sounds of all the crickets. Stephanie started to question if crickets chirped more on
cooler nights in comparison with warmer nights. She decides to design and conduct an
experiment to collect data on the subject. After her research she learns that chirping is
done by the male crickets and they have different "songs" for different reasons including
attracting a female. Stephanie hypothesizes that during warmer temperatures the
crickets chirp faster. During her experiment she places a cricket in different temperature
environments and counts the number of chirps in a 60 second period. The data results
are as follows:
test 10 C (50 F) 24 C (75 F) 32 C (90 F)
1 45 62 101
2 30 69 98
3 27 65 82
4 38 71 95
5 35 64 88
Based on Stephanie's experiment, what is the optimal temperature for cricket mating? -
ANS-32 C (90 F)
Drought is an issue that some communities take action on by selecting drought-resistant
plants and banning grasses that require frequent watering. Which of the following
statements describes scientific research that could be completed to support the
decision-making process for this issue? - ANS-Climate data should be analyzed to
determine average annual precipitation and how much additional water landscaping
requires.
Scientists who are part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change publish
reports containing evidence of global warming. Which type of data would support the
conclusion that global warming is currently occurring? - ANS-yearly records of
temperature measurements over several decades
Which of these sources would provide the most reliable information on investigations of
the dangers of Bisphenol A (BPA) plastics? - ANS-peer-reviewed journal
Jade conducted an experiment to determine if water had an effect on how many seeds
germinated. In tray 1 she added the seeds, turned off all of the light source, added no
water, and increased the heat to 32 degrees Celsius. In tray 2, she added the seeds,
kept all of the light source on, added 50 ml of water, and kept the heat at 24 degrees
Celsius. In tray 3, she added the seeds, kept all of the light source on, added 100 ml of
water, and kept the heat at 24 degrees Celsius. She determined that tray 2 produced
the most germinated seeds with 50 ml of water. This conclusion was determined to be
invalid by her teacher because she did not use sound scientific processes for this
, experiment. Which part of this experiment would not be considered scientifically sound?
- ANS-Variables other than the tested variable were changed in tray 1.
Some barnacles derive nutrients from living on the flesh of whales. This causes limited
pain and itching in the whales. Which type of symbiotic relationship do these organisms
have?
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
predation - ANS-commensalism
Which of the following symbiotic relationships demonstrates mutualism?
the sea spider larvae will pierce through a coral polyp and live inside it, gaining food and
nutrients from the coral
a goby fish living in the spines of a toxic sea urchin to gain protection from its predator,
the sea urchin is not affected
a sponge that provides a safe home filled with nutrients for worms and crustaceans, but
the organisms do not harm the sponge
the anemone hermit crab attaches several small anemones to its shell as camouflage,
the anemones in turn get a mobile home exposing them to more food options - ANS-the
anemone hermit crab attaches several small anemones to its shell as camouflage, the
anemones in turn get a mobile home exposing them to more food options
Invasive python populations have had a significant impact on biodiversity in the
Everglades, including a severe decline in the number and variety of mid-sized
mammals. What can be inferred about the relationship between the python and
mammals in the Everglades?
The python does not prey on mid-size mammals but competes for food and nesting
spots.
The python and the mid-sized mammals in the Everglades have a commensal
relationship but compete for food.
The python preys on mid-sized mammals in the Everglades and also competes with
mid-sized mammals for food.
The python and mid-sized mammals in the Everglades prey equally on each other's
populations and have formed a mutual relationship. - ANS-The python preys on mid-
sized mammals in the Everglades and also competes with mid-sized mammals for food.
The predator-prey relationship necessitates a balance. In some species there is an
apex predator, such as the Great White Shark. Why would reduction of an apex
predator negatively impact prey populations?
Elimination of the apex predator would decrease the small predators, causing an
increase in the prey populations.
Elimination of the apex predator would increase the small predators, causing an
increase in the prey populations.
Elimination of the apex predator would decrease the small predators, causing an
decrease in the prey populations.
Solutions
What type of questions can be answered through a scientific experiment? - ANS-
questions that are testable
ABC Engineering wants to design a sound barrier that will limit the noise in a residential
Tampa Neighborhood that borders an interstate highway. Materials must be chosen
based on documented studies. Which source of information would be the most reliable
for choosing materials? - ANS-multiple studies done on materials tested for barrier
qualities surrounding airport
Written records have been used to determine past climate history. For example, records
indicate the timing of grape harvests in Europe. A research article titled, "Climate
Induced Historic and Future Changes in Viticulture," published in 2010 by Schultz and
Jones, shows the following graph of harvest dates for three regions with slightly different
climates.
Which statement best describes how an inference about the climate history of Europe
can be drawn from this data? - ANS-An inference can be drawn by comparing changes
in the harvest dates of each region.
Mullet are local estuarine fish that move in schools and feed on plankton and plant
matter. Natural predators of the mullet include spotted sea trout, sharks, pelicans, and
dolphins. An experiment was conducted to monitor the mullet population over a five
year period. The data below shows that the number of mullet in the area has changed
over a five year period.
Year Number of Mullet
1 850
2 800
3 700
4 610
5 550
Based on the data, one researcher concludes that a new predator was introduced into
the area during this time period. Which of the following is a likely alternate explanation
for the change in the mullet population? - ANS-The amount of aquatic in the area
decreased.
It has long been thought that solar energy was the ultimate source of all energy on
Earth. What must have occurred in the scientific community when scientists discovered
the existence of ecosystems near ocean hydrothermal vents? - ANS-Scientists
,conducted further research and eventually modified the theory to include this source of
chemical energy.
Stephanie enjoys going camping. During a camping trip she began to observe the
sounds of all the crickets. Stephanie started to question if crickets chirped more on
cooler nights in comparison with warmer nights. She decides to design and conduct an
experiment to collect data on the subject. After her research she learns that chirping is
done by the male crickets and they have different "songs" for different reasons including
attracting a female. Stephanie hypothesizes that during warmer temperatures the
crickets chirp faster. During her experiment she places a cricket in different temperature
environments and counts the number of chirps in a 60 second period. The data results
are as follows:
test 10 C (50 F) 24 C (75 F) 32 C (90 F)
1 45 62 101
2 30 69 98
3 27 65 82
4 38 71 95
5 35 64 88
Based on Stephanie's experiment, what is the optimal temperature for cricket mating? -
ANS-32 C (90 F)
Drought is an issue that some communities take action on by selecting drought-resistant
plants and banning grasses that require frequent watering. Which of the following
statements describes scientific research that could be completed to support the
decision-making process for this issue? - ANS-Climate data should be analyzed to
determine average annual precipitation and how much additional water landscaping
requires.
Scientists who are part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change publish
reports containing evidence of global warming. Which type of data would support the
conclusion that global warming is currently occurring? - ANS-yearly records of
temperature measurements over several decades
Which of these sources would provide the most reliable information on investigations of
the dangers of Bisphenol A (BPA) plastics? - ANS-peer-reviewed journal
Jade conducted an experiment to determine if water had an effect on how many seeds
germinated. In tray 1 she added the seeds, turned off all of the light source, added no
water, and increased the heat to 32 degrees Celsius. In tray 2, she added the seeds,
kept all of the light source on, added 50 ml of water, and kept the heat at 24 degrees
Celsius. In tray 3, she added the seeds, kept all of the light source on, added 100 ml of
water, and kept the heat at 24 degrees Celsius. She determined that tray 2 produced
the most germinated seeds with 50 ml of water. This conclusion was determined to be
invalid by her teacher because she did not use sound scientific processes for this
, experiment. Which part of this experiment would not be considered scientifically sound?
- ANS-Variables other than the tested variable were changed in tray 1.
Some barnacles derive nutrients from living on the flesh of whales. This causes limited
pain and itching in the whales. Which type of symbiotic relationship do these organisms
have?
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
predation - ANS-commensalism
Which of the following symbiotic relationships demonstrates mutualism?
the sea spider larvae will pierce through a coral polyp and live inside it, gaining food and
nutrients from the coral
a goby fish living in the spines of a toxic sea urchin to gain protection from its predator,
the sea urchin is not affected
a sponge that provides a safe home filled with nutrients for worms and crustaceans, but
the organisms do not harm the sponge
the anemone hermit crab attaches several small anemones to its shell as camouflage,
the anemones in turn get a mobile home exposing them to more food options - ANS-the
anemone hermit crab attaches several small anemones to its shell as camouflage, the
anemones in turn get a mobile home exposing them to more food options
Invasive python populations have had a significant impact on biodiversity in the
Everglades, including a severe decline in the number and variety of mid-sized
mammals. What can be inferred about the relationship between the python and
mammals in the Everglades?
The python does not prey on mid-size mammals but competes for food and nesting
spots.
The python and the mid-sized mammals in the Everglades have a commensal
relationship but compete for food.
The python preys on mid-sized mammals in the Everglades and also competes with
mid-sized mammals for food.
The python and mid-sized mammals in the Everglades prey equally on each other's
populations and have formed a mutual relationship. - ANS-The python preys on mid-
sized mammals in the Everglades and also competes with mid-sized mammals for food.
The predator-prey relationship necessitates a balance. In some species there is an
apex predator, such as the Great White Shark. Why would reduction of an apex
predator negatively impact prey populations?
Elimination of the apex predator would decrease the small predators, causing an
increase in the prey populations.
Elimination of the apex predator would increase the small predators, causing an
increase in the prey populations.
Elimination of the apex predator would decrease the small predators, causing an
decrease in the prey populations.
