AQA A Level PHYSICS PAPER 2 May 2024 Exam Questions and Answers

AQA A Level PHYSICS PAPER 2 May 2024 Exam Questions and Answers Faraday's law - answers"The induced emf in a circuit is equal to the rate of change of flux linkage through the circuit". Alternator - answersGenerator of AC. Back emf - answersAn emf generated in a motor that works against the current that is powering the motor. Step-up - answersTransformer that raises the voltage and lowers the current (answer is hyphenated!) Step-down - answersTransformer that lowers the voltage and raises the current (answer is hyphenated!) National Grid - answersNetwork of transformers and cables that transmits power across the country. Pressure - answersThe force per unit area exerted normally (at 90 degrees) on a surface. Boyle's law - answersFor a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, pV = constant. Charles' law - answersFor a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, V/T = constant. Pressure law - answersFor a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, p/T = constant. Brownian motion - answersThe random and unpredictable motion of a particle (like a smoke particle) caused by molecules of the surrounding material colliding with it at random. Avagadro constant - answersNumber of particles in a mole of a substance. 6.02x10^23. Mole - answersAmount of substance with 6.02x10^23 particles in it. Molarity - answersNumber of moles in a substance. Measured in mol. Molar mass - answersMass of 1 mol of a substance. Ideal gas - answersGas that obeys Boyle's law. Molar gas constant - answersConstant with symbol R. Boltzmann constant - answersConstant with symbol k. Useful for calculations where the number of particles, rather than the number of moles, is required. Root mean square speed - answersThe root of the mean of the squares of the speeds of a sample of particles. Kinetic theory equation - answerspV=1/3 Nm(Crms)^2 (but better formatted!) Ideal gas equation - answerspV=nRT. For calculations involving number of particles rather than moles, use pV=NkT. Internal energy - answersThe sum of the random distribution of the kinetic and potential energies of the molecules in an object. Thermal energy - answersThe internal energy of an object due to temperature. Work done - answersEnergy transferred. Thermal equilibrium - answersWhen no overall heat transfer takes place between objects at the same temperature. Celsius scale - answersScale of temperature with ice point at 0 degrees and steam point at 100 degrees. Absolute temperature - answersTemperature in kelvins, with 0 at absolute zero. Absolute zero - answersThe lowest possible temperature (i.e. when an object has minimum internal energy). Specific heat capacity - answersThe energy needed to raise the temperature of a kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius (or one kelvin) without change of state. Measured in joules per kilogram per kelvin. Inversion tube - answersApparatus to determine the specific heat capacity of lead shot. Melting point - answersTemperature at which a substance melts. Boiling point - answersTemperature at which a substance boils. Latent heat of fusion - answersEnergy needed to melt a solid at its melting point. Latent heat of vaporisation - answersEnergy needed to evaporate a liquid at its boiling point. Sublimation - answersProcess where a solid turns directly into a gas. Deposition - answersProcess where a gas turns directly into a solid. Specific latent heat of fusion - answersEnergy needed to melt a kilogram of a solid at its melting point with no change of temperature. Specific latent heat of vaporisation - answersEnergy needed to evaporate a kilogram of a liquid at its boiling point with no change of temperature. Gravitational field - answersArea of influence for the gravitational force Field line - answersLine of force (direction of force on an object at that point in the field) Gravitational field strength - answersForce per unit mass on a small test mass placed in the field. Vector quantity. Radial field - answersShape of field around a planet. Field lines look like spokes on a wheel Uniform field - answersShape of field where the gravitational field strength is constant in magnitude and direction throughout the field Gravitational potential - answersWork done per unit mass to move a small object from infinity to that point Equipotential - answersLine of constant potential Potential gradient - answersMeasure of how the potential changes per metre. Equal to the negative of the field strength. Universal constant of gravitation - answersG = 6.67x10^-11Nm^2kg^-2 Geostationary orbit - answersOrbit above fixed point on equator of planet with same period as period of planetary rotation Low polar orbit - answersOrbit close to planet with small period and coverage of whole planet N/kg - answersUnit of gravitational field strength Electrical conductor - answersMaterial with lots of free electrons. Can only be charged when isolated from the Earth. Electrical insulator - answersMaterial with no free electrons. Can be charged eve when earthed. Free electrons - answersElectrons that aren't attached