Comprehensive Healthcare Sector Examination Guide: 200 Essential Questions
and Answers for Certification and Professional Preparation
Question 1: What is the primary goal of the healthcare sector?
Answer 1:
The primary goal of the healthcare sector is to promote, restore, and maintain health; prevent
disease; and deliver effective treatment and care services to individuals and communities.
Question 2: What is universal health coverage (UHC)?
Answer 2:
Universal health coverage ensures all people have access to needed health services without
financial hardship, covering prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care.
Question 3: What are the key components of a healthcare system?
Answer 3:
Components include healthcare delivery, health workforce, health information systems,
access to essential medicines and technologies, financing, and leadership/governance.
Question 4: Define primary healthcare.
Answer 4:
Primary healthcare is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound, and socially
acceptable methods universally accessible to individuals and families.
Question 5: What is the difference between public and private healthcare providers?
Answer 5:
Public providers are government-funded and aimed at broad access, while private providers
operate independently, often charging fees and focusing on profit or privately insured clients.
Question 6: Name three major healthcare financing models.
Answer 6:
Beveridge model (tax-funded systems), Bismarck model (insurance-based), and out-of-pocket
model (direct patient payments).
Question 7: What is healthcare quality?
Answer 7:
Quality in healthcare means providing services that increase the likelihood of desired health
outcomes consistent with current professional knowledge.
,Question 8: What are social determinants of health?
Answer 8:
Conditions where people live, work, and age affecting health risks and outcomes, such as
socioeconomic status, education, and environment.
Question 9: What role does technology play in healthcare?
Answer 9:
Technology enables diagnostics, treatment innovations, electronic health records,
telemedicine, and improves care efficiency and patient outcomes.
Question 10: What is telemedicine?
Answer 10:
The remote diagnosis and treatment of patients using telecommunications technology.
Question 11: Name three common healthcare delivery settings.
Answer 11:
Hospitals, primary care clinics, and long-term care facilities.
Question 12: What is an electronic health record (EHR)?
Answer 12:
A digital version of a patient’s paper chart, containing medical history, treatment plans, test
results, and more.
Question 13: What is patient-centered care?
Answer 13:
Care that respects and responds to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, ensuring
patient values guide clinical decisions.
Question 14: How is health equity defined?
Answer 14:
The absence of avoidable or remediable differences among groups of people, ensuring all
have fair access to health opportunities.
Question 15: What is the role of health policy?
Answer 15:
Health policy sets priorities, allocates resources, and provides a framework for health system
regulation and delivery.
, Question 16: What is infectious disease surveillance?
Answer 16:
Systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of health data to monitor and control
infectious diseases.
Question 17: Define epidemiology.
Answer 17:
The study of disease distribution and determinants in populations to control health problems.
Question 18: What is primary prevention?
Answer 18:
Efforts to prevent disease before it occurs, such as vaccination and health education.
Question 19: What is secondary prevention?
Answer 19:
Early detection and treatment of disease to halt progression, like screening tests.
Question 20: What is tertiary prevention?
Answer 20:
Interventions to reduce complications or disability from established disease.
Question 21: What is the purpose of a healthcare needs assessment?
Answer 21:
To identify and prioritize health problems of a population for effective resource allocation.
Question 22: What is antimicrobial resistance (AMR)?
Answer 22:
When microorganisms evolve to survive exposure to drugs designed to kill them, making
infections harder to treat.
Question 23: Explain integrated healthcare delivery.
Answer 23:
Coordinated services across providers and settings to improve care continuity and outcomes.
Question 24: What is the role of nurses in healthcare?
Answer 24:
Nurses provide direct patient care, health education, advocacy, and collaborate with other
health professionals.
and Answers for Certification and Professional Preparation
Question 1: What is the primary goal of the healthcare sector?
Answer 1:
The primary goal of the healthcare sector is to promote, restore, and maintain health; prevent
disease; and deliver effective treatment and care services to individuals and communities.
Question 2: What is universal health coverage (UHC)?
Answer 2:
Universal health coverage ensures all people have access to needed health services without
financial hardship, covering prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care.
Question 3: What are the key components of a healthcare system?
Answer 3:
Components include healthcare delivery, health workforce, health information systems,
access to essential medicines and technologies, financing, and leadership/governance.
Question 4: Define primary healthcare.
Answer 4:
Primary healthcare is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound, and socially
acceptable methods universally accessible to individuals and families.
Question 5: What is the difference between public and private healthcare providers?
Answer 5:
Public providers are government-funded and aimed at broad access, while private providers
operate independently, often charging fees and focusing on profit or privately insured clients.
Question 6: Name three major healthcare financing models.
Answer 6:
Beveridge model (tax-funded systems), Bismarck model (insurance-based), and out-of-pocket
model (direct patient payments).
Question 7: What is healthcare quality?
Answer 7:
Quality in healthcare means providing services that increase the likelihood of desired health
outcomes consistent with current professional knowledge.
,Question 8: What are social determinants of health?
Answer 8:
Conditions where people live, work, and age affecting health risks and outcomes, such as
socioeconomic status, education, and environment.
Question 9: What role does technology play in healthcare?
Answer 9:
Technology enables diagnostics, treatment innovations, electronic health records,
telemedicine, and improves care efficiency and patient outcomes.
Question 10: What is telemedicine?
Answer 10:
The remote diagnosis and treatment of patients using telecommunications technology.
Question 11: Name three common healthcare delivery settings.
Answer 11:
Hospitals, primary care clinics, and long-term care facilities.
Question 12: What is an electronic health record (EHR)?
Answer 12:
A digital version of a patient’s paper chart, containing medical history, treatment plans, test
results, and more.
Question 13: What is patient-centered care?
Answer 13:
Care that respects and responds to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, ensuring
patient values guide clinical decisions.
Question 14: How is health equity defined?
Answer 14:
The absence of avoidable or remediable differences among groups of people, ensuring all
have fair access to health opportunities.
Question 15: What is the role of health policy?
Answer 15:
Health policy sets priorities, allocates resources, and provides a framework for health system
regulation and delivery.
, Question 16: What is infectious disease surveillance?
Answer 16:
Systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of health data to monitor and control
infectious diseases.
Question 17: Define epidemiology.
Answer 17:
The study of disease distribution and determinants in populations to control health problems.
Question 18: What is primary prevention?
Answer 18:
Efforts to prevent disease before it occurs, such as vaccination and health education.
Question 19: What is secondary prevention?
Answer 19:
Early detection and treatment of disease to halt progression, like screening tests.
Question 20: What is tertiary prevention?
Answer 20:
Interventions to reduce complications or disability from established disease.
Question 21: What is the purpose of a healthcare needs assessment?
Answer 21:
To identify and prioritize health problems of a population for effective resource allocation.
Question 22: What is antimicrobial resistance (AMR)?
Answer 22:
When microorganisms evolve to survive exposure to drugs designed to kill them, making
infections harder to treat.
Question 23: Explain integrated healthcare delivery.
Answer 23:
Coordinated services across providers and settings to improve care continuity and outcomes.
Question 24: What is the role of nurses in healthcare?
Answer 24:
Nurses provide direct patient care, health education, advocacy, and collaborate with other
health professionals.
