Anatomy Questions and Graded Answers, 100% Guarantee
What are the origins, insertions, action & innervation of the Pectorals Major? - Origin:
Insertion:
Innervation:
Action:
What are the origins, insertions, action and innervation of the Pectorals Major? -
What causes Winged Scapula? - Damage to the long thoracic nerve which innervates the
Serrates Anterior
What are the 2 branches of the Axillary Artery which are underneath the Pectorals Minor
muscle? - 1) Thoracoacromial
2) Lateral Thoracic
Why is the first rib not commonly fractured? - It is protected by the clavicle (located
inferior & posterior)
What is the consequence of a cervical rib? - - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- Cervical Rib is coming off the first rib
- Would compress the Subclavian vessels and the brachial plexus
- Would causes pain/tingling in the next region and the arm & hand
What are the functions of the thorax? - - Protection: ribs
- Breathing: lungs
- Pumping: heart
- Conduit: great vessels, trachea, OE, thoracic duct
,What are the borders of the Superior Thoracic Aperture ? - - Manubrium
- T1
- 1st Rib & costal cartilages
What structures pass through the superior thoracic aperture? - - Trachea
- OE
- Apex of the lung
- Nerves (vagus, phrenic)
- Left subc
What are the borders of the Inferior Thoracic Aperture? - - T12 (posterior)
- 11&12th ribs
- Xiphoid & costal cartilage of 7-10 ribs
What structures pass through the Inferior Thoracic Aperture? -
Identify the main structures of the Thoracic Vertebrae - - Heart shaped vertebral body
- Vertebral foramen
- Transverse& Spinous Process
- Superior & Inferior Articular Process
- Costal facets (the superior, inferior& transverse)
- Superior and inferior vertebral notches
What movements can take place in the thoracic region - - Note that there is limited
movement due to the way that the ribs attach
- Flexion
- Extension
,- Rotation
What is located in the Intervertebral Foramen? - - Spinal Nerve roots
What is located in the Interlaminar Space - - Ligamentum Flavum
Which ribs are true, false and floating? - - True: Ribs 1-7
- False: Ribs 8-12
- Floating: Ribs 11 & 12
What part of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae? - Tubercle
What is the weakest part of the rib? - Just anterior to the neck (due to the change in
direction)
What structures are located in the costal groove of a rib? - Intercostal vessels and nerve
Can the first rib be palpated? - No
What tubercle is located on the 1st rib and what muscle attaches here? - Scalene tubercle,
Anterior Scalene muscle
What structures pass anterior and posterior to the Anterior Scalene muscle? - Anterior:
Subclavian Vein
Posterior: Subclavian Artery
What structures pass anterior to the neck of the first rib? - Scalene Medius ?
, How are ribs 11 and 12 different to the rest of the ribs? - - They have no tubercle
- Rib 12 has no costal groove
- No neck
What is the Costochondral Joint? - Between the cartilage and the rib
What is Tietz Syndrome? - - Inflammation of the costal cartilage (costs-chronditis)
- Symptom is chest pain
Which ribs are most commonly fractured? - Ribs 4-10
What are the consequences of fractured ribs? - - Hemothorax
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusion
- Ruptured lung
- Injure the ribs or could rupture spleen if at the 11/12th rib
What are the notches of the Manubrium called? - - Jugular notch
- Clavicular notches
What is the level of the Manurbrio-sternal joint and what other structures are located here? -
- Can be palpated
- T2
- Ligamentum Arteriosum
When may the sternum be split? - - CABG (coronary artery bypass graft)
- Removal of retro-sternal goitre
- Accessed for bone marrow biopsy
What are the origins, insertions, action & innervation of the Pectorals Major? - Origin:
Insertion:
Innervation:
Action:
What are the origins, insertions, action and innervation of the Pectorals Major? -
What causes Winged Scapula? - Damage to the long thoracic nerve which innervates the
Serrates Anterior
What are the 2 branches of the Axillary Artery which are underneath the Pectorals Minor
muscle? - 1) Thoracoacromial
2) Lateral Thoracic
Why is the first rib not commonly fractured? - It is protected by the clavicle (located
inferior & posterior)
What is the consequence of a cervical rib? - - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- Cervical Rib is coming off the first rib
- Would compress the Subclavian vessels and the brachial plexus
- Would causes pain/tingling in the next region and the arm & hand
What are the functions of the thorax? - - Protection: ribs
- Breathing: lungs
- Pumping: heart
- Conduit: great vessels, trachea, OE, thoracic duct
,What are the borders of the Superior Thoracic Aperture ? - - Manubrium
- T1
- 1st Rib & costal cartilages
What structures pass through the superior thoracic aperture? - - Trachea
- OE
- Apex of the lung
- Nerves (vagus, phrenic)
- Left subc
What are the borders of the Inferior Thoracic Aperture? - - T12 (posterior)
- 11&12th ribs
- Xiphoid & costal cartilage of 7-10 ribs
What structures pass through the Inferior Thoracic Aperture? -
Identify the main structures of the Thoracic Vertebrae - - Heart shaped vertebral body
- Vertebral foramen
- Transverse& Spinous Process
- Superior & Inferior Articular Process
- Costal facets (the superior, inferior& transverse)
- Superior and inferior vertebral notches
What movements can take place in the thoracic region - - Note that there is limited
movement due to the way that the ribs attach
- Flexion
- Extension
,- Rotation
What is located in the Intervertebral Foramen? - - Spinal Nerve roots
What is located in the Interlaminar Space - - Ligamentum Flavum
Which ribs are true, false and floating? - - True: Ribs 1-7
- False: Ribs 8-12
- Floating: Ribs 11 & 12
What part of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae? - Tubercle
What is the weakest part of the rib? - Just anterior to the neck (due to the change in
direction)
What structures are located in the costal groove of a rib? - Intercostal vessels and nerve
Can the first rib be palpated? - No
What tubercle is located on the 1st rib and what muscle attaches here? - Scalene tubercle,
Anterior Scalene muscle
What structures pass anterior and posterior to the Anterior Scalene muscle? - Anterior:
Subclavian Vein
Posterior: Subclavian Artery
What structures pass anterior to the neck of the first rib? - Scalene Medius ?
, How are ribs 11 and 12 different to the rest of the ribs? - - They have no tubercle
- Rib 12 has no costal groove
- No neck
What is the Costochondral Joint? - Between the cartilage and the rib
What is Tietz Syndrome? - - Inflammation of the costal cartilage (costs-chronditis)
- Symptom is chest pain
Which ribs are most commonly fractured? - Ribs 4-10
What are the consequences of fractured ribs? - - Hemothorax
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusion
- Ruptured lung
- Injure the ribs or could rupture spleen if at the 11/12th rib
What are the notches of the Manubrium called? - - Jugular notch
- Clavicular notches
What is the level of the Manurbrio-sternal joint and what other structures are located here? -
- Can be palpated
- T2
- Ligamentum Arteriosum
When may the sternum be split? - - CABG (coronary artery bypass graft)
- Removal of retro-sternal goitre
- Accessed for bone marrow biopsy
