ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate Exam 2026 Questions and
Answers
3 major phases of cell division: - Correct answer-Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - Correct answer-First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - Correct answer-Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - Correct answer-Non-specific response, either:
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 1
,1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes,
macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - Correct answer-Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful.
Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory
responses)
Define mutations - Correct answer-Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - Correct answer-Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - Correct answer-Treatment is given prior to surgery to
shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - Correct answer-Additional cancer treatment given after
the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 2
, Define conditioning/preparative therapy - Correct answer-Treatments used to
prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - Correct answer-Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - Correct answer-Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity - Correct answer-Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - Correct answer-By comparing
the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard
regimen
How do alkylating agents work? - Correct answer-By causing a break in the DNA
helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - Correct answer-1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating
agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - Correct answer-Nitrogen
mustards
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 3
Certificate Exam 2026 Questions and
Answers
3 major phases of cell division: - Correct answer-Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - Correct answer-First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - Correct answer-Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - Correct answer-Non-specific response, either:
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 1
,1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes,
macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - Correct answer-Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful.
Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory
responses)
Define mutations - Correct answer-Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - Correct answer-Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - Correct answer-Treatment is given prior to surgery to
shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - Correct answer-Additional cancer treatment given after
the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 2
, Define conditioning/preparative therapy - Correct answer-Treatments used to
prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - Correct answer-Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - Correct answer-Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity - Correct answer-Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - Correct answer-By comparing
the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard
regimen
How do alkylating agents work? - Correct answer-By causing a break in the DNA
helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - Correct answer-1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating
agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - Correct answer-Nitrogen
mustards
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 3
