ACC Biology Accuplacer Study Guide
Latest Updated
Atomic Structure - ANS-Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom.The
nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons which are bound to
the nucleus by an electromagnetic force.
Identifying Elements - ANS-Elements are arranged based on their atomic and mass
numbers on the periodic table of elements. As you go across the table the atomic
weight increases.
Radioisotopes - ANS-A naturally or artificially produced radioactive isotope of an
element.
The fluid mosaic model - ANS-A model conceived by S.J. Singer and Garth Nicolson in
1972 to describe the structural features of biological membranes.
Special functions of plasma membrane - ANS-Isolate the cytoplasm from the external
environment,regulate the exchange of substances,communicate with other cells,and
identification
Membrane transport - ANS-The collection of mechanisms that regulate the passage of
solutes such as ions and small molecules through biological membranes
Maintaining a resting membrane potential - ANS-Maintain the concentration differences
in sodium and potassium ions between the intracellular and extracellular solutions.
Generating a resting membrane potential - ANS-...
Cell environment interactions - ANS-The direct interactions between cell surfaces that
play a crucial role in the development and function of multicellular organisms.
Stable interactions - ANS-Cell junctions which are multiprotein complexes that provide
contact between neighboring cells.
Cytoplasmic organelles - ANS-The membrane-bound structures in a cell.
Ribosomes - ANS-Tiny spherical bodies composed of RNA and proteins.Actual sites of
protein synthesis.Floating free or attached to a membranous structure the (rough ER) in
the cytoplasm.
, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - ANS-Membranous system of tubules that extends
throughout the cytoplasm.
Rough ER - ANS-Studded with ribosomes tubules.Provide an area for storage and
transport of the ribosomes to other cell areas.
Smooth ER - ANS-Synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol.smooth ER No function in
protein synthesis.Site of steroid and lipid synthesis.Lipid metabolism.Drug detoxification.
Golgi Apparatus - ANS-Stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated small
vesicles.Plays a role in packaging proteins.Packages substances for export from the
cell or incorporated into the plasma membrane.Packages lysosomal enzymes.
Lysosomes - ANS-Membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes (acid
hydrolases).Digest worn out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the
cell.Have the capacity of total cell destruction if ruptured.
Peroxisomes - ANS-Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide,
and other harmful chemicals.
Mitochondria - ANS-Rod shaped bodies with a double membrane wall.Inner membrane
is thrown into folds, or cristae.Contain enzymes that oxidize foodstuffs to produce
cellular energy (ATP).Referred as the "powerhouses of cell".
Centrioles - ANS-Paired, cylindrical bodies lie at right angles to each other.Direct the
formation of the mitotic spindle during division.Form the bases of cilia and flagella.
Cytoskeletal elements - ANS-Microfilaments,termediate filaments,Mircotubles,Provide
cellular support,and Function in intracellular transport.
Microfiliaments - ANS-Formed largely of actin.A contractile protein.Important in cell
mobility (particularly in muscle cells).
Intermediate filaments - ANS-Stable elements composed of a variety of proteins.Resit
mechanical forces acting on cells.
Microtubles - ANS-Form the internal structure of the centrioles.Help determine cell
shape.
The nuclear envelope - ANS-A highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the
nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.
Nucleoli - ANS-A small, typically round granular body composed of protein and RNA in
the nucleus of a cell. usually associated with a specific chromosomal site and involved
in ribosomal RNA synthesis and the formation of ribosomes.
Latest Updated
Atomic Structure - ANS-Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom.The
nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons which are bound to
the nucleus by an electromagnetic force.
Identifying Elements - ANS-Elements are arranged based on their atomic and mass
numbers on the periodic table of elements. As you go across the table the atomic
weight increases.
Radioisotopes - ANS-A naturally or artificially produced radioactive isotope of an
element.
The fluid mosaic model - ANS-A model conceived by S.J. Singer and Garth Nicolson in
1972 to describe the structural features of biological membranes.
Special functions of plasma membrane - ANS-Isolate the cytoplasm from the external
environment,regulate the exchange of substances,communicate with other cells,and
identification
Membrane transport - ANS-The collection of mechanisms that regulate the passage of
solutes such as ions and small molecules through biological membranes
Maintaining a resting membrane potential - ANS-Maintain the concentration differences
in sodium and potassium ions between the intracellular and extracellular solutions.
Generating a resting membrane potential - ANS-...
Cell environment interactions - ANS-The direct interactions between cell surfaces that
play a crucial role in the development and function of multicellular organisms.
Stable interactions - ANS-Cell junctions which are multiprotein complexes that provide
contact between neighboring cells.
Cytoplasmic organelles - ANS-The membrane-bound structures in a cell.
Ribosomes - ANS-Tiny spherical bodies composed of RNA and proteins.Actual sites of
protein synthesis.Floating free or attached to a membranous structure the (rough ER) in
the cytoplasm.
, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - ANS-Membranous system of tubules that extends
throughout the cytoplasm.
Rough ER - ANS-Studded with ribosomes tubules.Provide an area for storage and
transport of the ribosomes to other cell areas.
Smooth ER - ANS-Synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol.smooth ER No function in
protein synthesis.Site of steroid and lipid synthesis.Lipid metabolism.Drug detoxification.
Golgi Apparatus - ANS-Stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated small
vesicles.Plays a role in packaging proteins.Packages substances for export from the
cell or incorporated into the plasma membrane.Packages lysosomal enzymes.
Lysosomes - ANS-Membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes (acid
hydrolases).Digest worn out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the
cell.Have the capacity of total cell destruction if ruptured.
Peroxisomes - ANS-Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide,
and other harmful chemicals.
Mitochondria - ANS-Rod shaped bodies with a double membrane wall.Inner membrane
is thrown into folds, or cristae.Contain enzymes that oxidize foodstuffs to produce
cellular energy (ATP).Referred as the "powerhouses of cell".
Centrioles - ANS-Paired, cylindrical bodies lie at right angles to each other.Direct the
formation of the mitotic spindle during division.Form the bases of cilia and flagella.
Cytoskeletal elements - ANS-Microfilaments,termediate filaments,Mircotubles,Provide
cellular support,and Function in intracellular transport.
Microfiliaments - ANS-Formed largely of actin.A contractile protein.Important in cell
mobility (particularly in muscle cells).
Intermediate filaments - ANS-Stable elements composed of a variety of proteins.Resit
mechanical forces acting on cells.
Microtubles - ANS-Form the internal structure of the centrioles.Help determine cell
shape.
The nuclear envelope - ANS-A highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the
nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.
Nucleoli - ANS-A small, typically round granular body composed of protein and RNA in
the nucleus of a cell. usually associated with a specific chromosomal site and involved
in ribosomal RNA synthesis and the formation of ribosomes.
