ICVA NAVLE Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
1. Fifteen of a group of 200, 7 B) histophilus somni
month old feedlot calves are
lame. The calves arrived at Histophilus somni is a well known cause of systemic disease
the feedlot approximately one in feedlot cattle, including respiratory disease, speticemia,
month ago, and one week lat- and polyarthritis. In this case, the calves initially developed
er, 40 of the animals devel- pneumonia, and now soe of them show signs of lameness,
oped pneumonia. These calves joint swelling, and stiff gait, which are consistent with septic
were treated with oxytetracy- arthritis, and polyarthritis that can occur after a histophilus
cline, and the pneumonia ap- somni infection
peared to resolve. On physical - additionally the post mortem finding of fibrinous pleu-
examination, the affect calves ritis and papillary muscle necrosis also strongly suggest
have swellings in the carpi, tar- histophilus soni as the causative agent.
si, and stifles with distension -Known to cause arthritis, pleuritis, myocarditis, and sep-
of associated tendon sheaths, ticemia in calves
and stiff gait. Two calves are
euthanized. Postmortem eam-
ination shows fibrinous pleuri-
tis and papillary muscle necro-
sis. Which of the following
organisms is the most likely
cuase of these signs?
a) arcanobacterium (actino-
myces) pyogenes
b) histophilus somni
c ) mannheimia hemolytica
d) pasteurella multocida
e) salmonella thyphimurium
2. What is hyperkalemic periodic -a genetic disorder that affects muscles causing episodes of
paralysis in a horse muscle weakness or paralysis.
-It is autosomal dominant
, ICVA NAVLE Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
3. What is the cause of hyper- THe disorder is caused by a mutation in the sodium channel
kalemic periodic paralysis gene, leading to increased potassium levels in the blood. This
affects the electrical activity of muscle cells, causing the mus-
cles to contract abnormally
4. What are symptoms of hyper- -muscle twitching or trembling
kalemic periodic paralysis in -weakness or partial paralysis especially in hindquarters
horses -episodes of muscle stiffness
-respiratory issues in severe cases
-horse remains alert
5. what are triggers of hyper- -high potassium intake from feed such as alfalfa, molasses or
kalemic periodic paralysis certain grains
-stress, exercise or fasting
6. how would you manage hyper- -dietary modification like feeding low potassium diets and
kalemic periodic paralysis aoiding alfala and monitor potassium intake
-medicate with acetazolamide and hydrochlorothiazide
-consistent exercise and minimize stress
7. A 3-year old Percheron mare D) hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
is undergoing routine den-
tal evaluation. Physical exam- HYPP leads to episodes of periodic muscle weakness or paral-
ination shows bilateral pro- ysis.
lapse of the nictitating mem- -Prolapse of the nictitating membrane is characteristic of HYPP
brane and muscle fascicula- due to muscle weakness in the face
tions of the neck, shoulders, -Weakness and collapse suggest muscle paralysis or severe
and flank. During examina- weakness, dog sitting posture strongly supports this
tion, the mare's hindlimbs give
way, and she leans back in
a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F
(38.0 degrees C), heart rate is
, ICVA NAVLE Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
60 beats/min, and respiratory
rate is 30 breaths/min.
Which of the following is the
most likely diagnosis?
A) Equine degenerative
myeloneuropathy
B) Equine motor neuron dis-
ease
C) Exertional rhabdomyolysis
D) Hyperkalemic periodic
paralysis
E) Tetanus
8. A 3-year old Percheron mare EDM is a neurodegenerative disease that causes progresse
is undergoing routine den- ataxia ( incoordination) and weakness in young horses, par-
tal evaluation. Physical exam- ticularly those deficient in vitamin E.
ination shows bilateral pro- Although it causes weakness, EDM is more associated with
lapse of the nictitating mem- ataxia ( uncoordinated movement) rather than acute muscle
brane and muscle fascicula- fasciculations or prolapse of the nictitating membrane. It is a
tions of the neck, shoulders, chronic, progressive condition, unlike the episodic nature of
and flank. During examina- HYPP
tion, the mare's hindlimbs give
way, and she leans back in
a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F
(38.0 degrees C), heart rate is
60 beats/min, and respiratory
rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why
, ICVA NAVLE Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
would Equine Degenerative
Myeloneuropathy be incorrect
9. A 3-year old Percheron mare EMND is a neurodegeneratie disorder and is associated with
is undergoing routine den- vitamin E deficiency
tal evaluation. Physical exam- -EMND causes muscle atrophy and weakness, primarily affect-
ination shows bilateral pro- ing posture and gait over time. However it does not typically
lapse of the nictitating mem- cause acute episodes of weakness with fasciculation and pro-
brane and muscle fascicula- lapse of the third eyelid like HYPP does. EMND is also more
tions of the neck, shoulders, chronic in its progression, not episodic.
and flank. During examina-
tion, the mare's hindlimbs give
way, and she leans back in
a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F
(38.0 degrees C), heart rate is
60 beats/min, and respiratory
rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why
would Equine Motor Neuron
Disease be incorrect
10. A 3-year old Percheron mare ER is a condition where muscle damage occurs after exercise,
is undergoing routine den- resulting in muscle stiffness, pain and potentially dark urine
tal evaluation. Physical exam- due to myoglobin release.
ination shows bilateral pro- -While muscle fasciculations and hind limb weakness could
lapse of the nictitating mem- suggest muscle damage, ER is typically associated with exer-
brane and muscle fascicula- cise induced pain and stiffness rather than sudden collapse.
tions of the neck, shoulders, Additionally, prolapse of nictitating membranes is not a feature
and flank. During examina- of ER
tion, the mare's hindlimbs give
CORRECT Answers
1. Fifteen of a group of 200, 7 B) histophilus somni
month old feedlot calves are
lame. The calves arrived at Histophilus somni is a well known cause of systemic disease
the feedlot approximately one in feedlot cattle, including respiratory disease, speticemia,
month ago, and one week lat- and polyarthritis. In this case, the calves initially developed
er, 40 of the animals devel- pneumonia, and now soe of them show signs of lameness,
oped pneumonia. These calves joint swelling, and stiff gait, which are consistent with septic
were treated with oxytetracy- arthritis, and polyarthritis that can occur after a histophilus
cline, and the pneumonia ap- somni infection
peared to resolve. On physical - additionally the post mortem finding of fibrinous pleu-
examination, the affect calves ritis and papillary muscle necrosis also strongly suggest
have swellings in the carpi, tar- histophilus soni as the causative agent.
si, and stifles with distension -Known to cause arthritis, pleuritis, myocarditis, and sep-
of associated tendon sheaths, ticemia in calves
and stiff gait. Two calves are
euthanized. Postmortem eam-
ination shows fibrinous pleuri-
tis and papillary muscle necro-
sis. Which of the following
organisms is the most likely
cuase of these signs?
a) arcanobacterium (actino-
myces) pyogenes
b) histophilus somni
c ) mannheimia hemolytica
d) pasteurella multocida
e) salmonella thyphimurium
2. What is hyperkalemic periodic -a genetic disorder that affects muscles causing episodes of
paralysis in a horse muscle weakness or paralysis.
-It is autosomal dominant
, ICVA NAVLE Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
3. What is the cause of hyper- THe disorder is caused by a mutation in the sodium channel
kalemic periodic paralysis gene, leading to increased potassium levels in the blood. This
affects the electrical activity of muscle cells, causing the mus-
cles to contract abnormally
4. What are symptoms of hyper- -muscle twitching or trembling
kalemic periodic paralysis in -weakness or partial paralysis especially in hindquarters
horses -episodes of muscle stiffness
-respiratory issues in severe cases
-horse remains alert
5. what are triggers of hyper- -high potassium intake from feed such as alfalfa, molasses or
kalemic periodic paralysis certain grains
-stress, exercise or fasting
6. how would you manage hyper- -dietary modification like feeding low potassium diets and
kalemic periodic paralysis aoiding alfala and monitor potassium intake
-medicate with acetazolamide and hydrochlorothiazide
-consistent exercise and minimize stress
7. A 3-year old Percheron mare D) hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
is undergoing routine den-
tal evaluation. Physical exam- HYPP leads to episodes of periodic muscle weakness or paral-
ination shows bilateral pro- ysis.
lapse of the nictitating mem- -Prolapse of the nictitating membrane is characteristic of HYPP
brane and muscle fascicula- due to muscle weakness in the face
tions of the neck, shoulders, -Weakness and collapse suggest muscle paralysis or severe
and flank. During examina- weakness, dog sitting posture strongly supports this
tion, the mare's hindlimbs give
way, and she leans back in
a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F
(38.0 degrees C), heart rate is
, ICVA NAVLE Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
60 beats/min, and respiratory
rate is 30 breaths/min.
Which of the following is the
most likely diagnosis?
A) Equine degenerative
myeloneuropathy
B) Equine motor neuron dis-
ease
C) Exertional rhabdomyolysis
D) Hyperkalemic periodic
paralysis
E) Tetanus
8. A 3-year old Percheron mare EDM is a neurodegenerative disease that causes progresse
is undergoing routine den- ataxia ( incoordination) and weakness in young horses, par-
tal evaluation. Physical exam- ticularly those deficient in vitamin E.
ination shows bilateral pro- Although it causes weakness, EDM is more associated with
lapse of the nictitating mem- ataxia ( uncoordinated movement) rather than acute muscle
brane and muscle fascicula- fasciculations or prolapse of the nictitating membrane. It is a
tions of the neck, shoulders, chronic, progressive condition, unlike the episodic nature of
and flank. During examina- HYPP
tion, the mare's hindlimbs give
way, and she leans back in
a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F
(38.0 degrees C), heart rate is
60 beats/min, and respiratory
rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why
, ICVA NAVLE Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
would Equine Degenerative
Myeloneuropathy be incorrect
9. A 3-year old Percheron mare EMND is a neurodegeneratie disorder and is associated with
is undergoing routine den- vitamin E deficiency
tal evaluation. Physical exam- -EMND causes muscle atrophy and weakness, primarily affect-
ination shows bilateral pro- ing posture and gait over time. However it does not typically
lapse of the nictitating mem- cause acute episodes of weakness with fasciculation and pro-
brane and muscle fascicula- lapse of the third eyelid like HYPP does. EMND is also more
tions of the neck, shoulders, chronic in its progression, not episodic.
and flank. During examina-
tion, the mare's hindlimbs give
way, and she leans back in
a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F
(38.0 degrees C), heart rate is
60 beats/min, and respiratory
rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why
would Equine Motor Neuron
Disease be incorrect
10. A 3-year old Percheron mare ER is a condition where muscle damage occurs after exercise,
is undergoing routine den- resulting in muscle stiffness, pain and potentially dark urine
tal evaluation. Physical exam- due to myoglobin release.
ination shows bilateral pro- -While muscle fasciculations and hind limb weakness could
lapse of the nictitating mem- suggest muscle damage, ER is typically associated with exer-
brane and muscle fascicula- cise induced pain and stiffness rather than sudden collapse.
tions of the neck, shoulders, Additionally, prolapse of nictitating membranes is not a feature
and flank. During examina- of ER
tion, the mare's hindlimbs give
