APEA Patho-UROLOGY
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS
UPDATED 2025/2026||
ALREADY GRADED!!|100%
GUARANTEED
PASS<<NEWEST VERSION>>
1. Which of the following is NOT a vital function of the kidney?
Erythropoiesis
Regulation of calcium formation
Acid base balance
Temperature regulation - ANSWER ✅Temperature regulation
2. Which enzyme is formed in the liver as a byproduct of protein metabolism
and is eliminated entirely by the kidney?
Creatinine
Uric acid
Urea
Phosphate - ANSWER ✅Urea
3. When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is elevated in the serum, the collecting
tubules in the kidney become more permeable to H2O, meaning that urine
will have a:
high specific gravity.
low specific gravity.
higher pH.
lower pH. - ANSWER ✅high specific gravity.
4. The hormone that helps control the kidney's role in fluid balance is:
cortisol.
, epinephrine.
oxytocin.
antidiuretic. - ANSWER ✅antidiuretic.
5. A 65-year-old female experiences a sudden impulse to urinate and is
unable to hold her urine until she reaches the toilet. This woman is
experiencing:
stress incontinence.
urge incontinence.
overactive bladder.
functional incontinence. - ANSWER ✅urge incontinence.
6. Which one of the following is NOT a contributor to detrusor underactivity
(bladder retention)?
Childbirth
Medications
Diabetes
Aging - ANSWER ✅Childbirth
7. The kidneys help regulate acid-base balance by:
secreting carbon dioxide.
producing ammonia.
reabsorbing phosphates.
secreting sodium chloride. - ANSWER ✅producing ammonia.
8. In the Randall's plaque pathway for kidney stone formation, the stone is:
attached to plugs protruding from the openings of Bellini ducts.
fixed to the surface of a renal papilla at sites of interstitial apatite plaque.
formed in free solution in the renal system collection.
formed in the interstitial or tubular compartment of the renal medulla. -
ANSWER ✅fixed to the surface of a renal papilla at sites of interstitial
apatite plaque.
9. Which one of the following statements is NOT true about calcium
phosphate involvement in renal stone production?
Calcium phosphate precipitates in the membrane of the loops of Henle.
Calcium phosphate erodes into the interstitium.
Calcium phosphate accumulates in the subepithelial space of the renal
papilla.
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS
UPDATED 2025/2026||
ALREADY GRADED!!|100%
GUARANTEED
PASS<<NEWEST VERSION>>
1. Which of the following is NOT a vital function of the kidney?
Erythropoiesis
Regulation of calcium formation
Acid base balance
Temperature regulation - ANSWER ✅Temperature regulation
2. Which enzyme is formed in the liver as a byproduct of protein metabolism
and is eliminated entirely by the kidney?
Creatinine
Uric acid
Urea
Phosphate - ANSWER ✅Urea
3. When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is elevated in the serum, the collecting
tubules in the kidney become more permeable to H2O, meaning that urine
will have a:
high specific gravity.
low specific gravity.
higher pH.
lower pH. - ANSWER ✅high specific gravity.
4. The hormone that helps control the kidney's role in fluid balance is:
cortisol.
, epinephrine.
oxytocin.
antidiuretic. - ANSWER ✅antidiuretic.
5. A 65-year-old female experiences a sudden impulse to urinate and is
unable to hold her urine until she reaches the toilet. This woman is
experiencing:
stress incontinence.
urge incontinence.
overactive bladder.
functional incontinence. - ANSWER ✅urge incontinence.
6. Which one of the following is NOT a contributor to detrusor underactivity
(bladder retention)?
Childbirth
Medications
Diabetes
Aging - ANSWER ✅Childbirth
7. The kidneys help regulate acid-base balance by:
secreting carbon dioxide.
producing ammonia.
reabsorbing phosphates.
secreting sodium chloride. - ANSWER ✅producing ammonia.
8. In the Randall's plaque pathway for kidney stone formation, the stone is:
attached to plugs protruding from the openings of Bellini ducts.
fixed to the surface of a renal papilla at sites of interstitial apatite plaque.
formed in free solution in the renal system collection.
formed in the interstitial or tubular compartment of the renal medulla. -
ANSWER ✅fixed to the surface of a renal papilla at sites of interstitial
apatite plaque.
9. Which one of the following statements is NOT true about calcium
phosphate involvement in renal stone production?
Calcium phosphate precipitates in the membrane of the loops of Henle.
Calcium phosphate erodes into the interstitium.
Calcium phosphate accumulates in the subepithelial space of the renal
papilla.
