Hierarchy of risk controls in process safety management
Give this one a try later!
Inherent safety.
Elimination (including minimised inventories).
Substitution.
Engineering controls (including segregation and spacing of process plant).
Administrative controls (procedural/behavioural).
,Types of maintenance
Give this one a try later!
Breakdown maintenance.
Condition monitoring.
Planned preventive maintenance.
Risk Assessment Techniques
Give this one a try later!
5 WHs: What, Where, When, How, Why.
Bow Tie Model.
Hazard and operability study (HAZOP).
Hazard Identification (HAZID).
Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA).
Even Tree Analysis (ETA).
What If.
Steam injected into flare stacks
Give this one a try later!
Injecting steam into fluids atomices the fluid and increases surface area. In
the process industries, the steam is often injected into flare stacks to
improve combustion efficency and reduce emissions of pollutants.
, Contractor Management
Give this one a try later!
Contractor selection.
Periodic review of contractor safety performance.
Contractor induction and obligations to provide information on site risks.
Contractor ownership and site supervision/representation.
Auditing contractor performance.
Contractor handover to client.
Fatigue Failure
Give this one a try later!
Fatigue is the formation of cracks as a result of repeated application of
loads that individually do not create sufficient stress to cause failure:
Thermal fatigue.
Contact fatigue.
Surface or pitting fatigue.
Subsurface cracking or subsurface fatigue.
Corrosion fatigue.
Zoning/hazardous area classification
Give this one a try later!
For flamable vapors:
Zone 0: A place in which an explosive atmosphere is present continously.
Zone 1: A place in which an explosive atmosphere is likely to occur.
Zone 2: A place in which and explosive atmosphere is not likely to occur in
normal operation.
Give this one a try later!
Inherent safety.
Elimination (including minimised inventories).
Substitution.
Engineering controls (including segregation and spacing of process plant).
Administrative controls (procedural/behavioural).
,Types of maintenance
Give this one a try later!
Breakdown maintenance.
Condition monitoring.
Planned preventive maintenance.
Risk Assessment Techniques
Give this one a try later!
5 WHs: What, Where, When, How, Why.
Bow Tie Model.
Hazard and operability study (HAZOP).
Hazard Identification (HAZID).
Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA).
Even Tree Analysis (ETA).
What If.
Steam injected into flare stacks
Give this one a try later!
Injecting steam into fluids atomices the fluid and increases surface area. In
the process industries, the steam is often injected into flare stacks to
improve combustion efficency and reduce emissions of pollutants.
, Contractor Management
Give this one a try later!
Contractor selection.
Periodic review of contractor safety performance.
Contractor induction and obligations to provide information on site risks.
Contractor ownership and site supervision/representation.
Auditing contractor performance.
Contractor handover to client.
Fatigue Failure
Give this one a try later!
Fatigue is the formation of cracks as a result of repeated application of
loads that individually do not create sufficient stress to cause failure:
Thermal fatigue.
Contact fatigue.
Surface or pitting fatigue.
Subsurface cracking or subsurface fatigue.
Corrosion fatigue.
Zoning/hazardous area classification
Give this one a try later!
For flamable vapors:
Zone 0: A place in which an explosive atmosphere is present continously.
Zone 1: A place in which an explosive atmosphere is likely to occur.
Zone 2: A place in which and explosive atmosphere is not likely to occur in
normal operation.
