Wsu Bio 102 Final Exam 3 And 4
Practice Questions with Guaranteed
Pass Solutions 2025.
What is plasmolysis? - Answer Plasmolysis is the process in which cells lose water in a
hypertonic solution
In which osmotic environment will a cell (or potato slice) shrivel - if the environment is saltier
than the cells cytoplasm or if the environment is less salty than the cells cytoplasm? will the
tissue shrivel or swell - Answer saltier environment - the cell will shrivel
less salty environment - cell will swell
what is the difference between passive and active flow of ions or small molecules into and out
of a cell? - Answer active flow- pumps molecules against concentration gradient using ATP
passive flow - uses concentration gradient to pass molecules through membrane
which process establishes a concentration gradient - active or passive flow - Answer passive
molecules don't deliberately move through trans-membrane channels, thy move through when
they happen to "wander" through it. what causes molecules to move? - Answer diffusion, etc.
What is homeostasis? - Answer Maintaining a stable internal environment
what is the effect of negative feedback? - Answer turns off or dials down the process
it is typically controlled by hormones
what are antagonistic hormones and how do they work together to maintain homeostasis? -
Answer Chemical substances which inhibit the function of the endocrine glands
which engineered tissue have been implanted into humans so far? - Answer lungs, hearts,
kidneys
,according to the graphic in your textbook, which organ is most needed for transplants? - Answer
kidney
what are the major components of blood? - Answer plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells,
platelets
what molecule in the blood is responsible for transporting oxygen gas in the blood stream? -
Answer red blood cells
how long can you go w/out oxygen before suffering irreversible brain damage? - Answer 4
minutes
distinguish between arteries, veins, and capillaries - Answer artieries- large vessles that
transport blood away from the heart
veins- large vessels that carry blood to the heart
capillaries- smallest vessesl that exchange materials by diffusions w/ nearby cells
in which vessels does gas exchange between the blood and tissues/lungs take place - Answer
capillaries
relate the exchange of co2 and 02 across cell membranes to movement of molecules down their
concentration gradient? - Answer
under normal conditions, what is the concentration gradient of co2 in the blood relative to the
alveoli in the lungs? which direction will c02 move at the capillary-alveoli interface? - Answer
gas is exchanged between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries via diffusion: gas molecules
will move from an area of high conc. to an area of low conc.
co2 will enter the blood stream as waste
under normal conditions, what is the concentration gradient of co2 in the blood relative to the
lungs? what direction will o2 move at the capillary alveoli interface? - Answer
in a four chambered heart, whwere does the blood go after it leaves the right atrium? - Answer
it goes through the pulmonary circuit (lungs) for gas exchange
, which parts of the pathways you outlined above carry oxygenated blood? which carry de-
oxygenated blood? - Answer deoxygenated - right atrium/right ventricle
oxygenated- left atrium/ left ventricle
how are blood vessels bioengineered so that they can be implanted in a patient and not have
the patient's immune system reject it? - Answer collect smooth muscle cells from the blood
vessels of organ donors and grow those cells in a biodegradabl frame
the frame dissolves
leaves behind a sturdy tube of cells and extracellular matrix
then they wash away the cells
what are the two major roles of the urinary system? - Answer remove waste and
Where are the kidneys located? - Answer middle of abdomen towards back
what is a nephron - Answer kidneys basic functional unit that works as filtration that cleanses
blood
name/label the parts of the vertebrate nephron and indicated where it is permeable to water
and where salt is pumped out - Answer descending loop of henle, distal tubule, collecting
duct, and proximal tubule: permeable to water. ascending loop of henle and collecting duct:
permeable to salts.
why does water move passively out of the nephron? that is, what drives its movement in that
direction? - Answer Because the interstitial fluid around the nephron has a higher
concentration of salt than the fluid inside the nephron (osmosis)
when water move out of the nephron, where does it go? - Answer ureter into the bladder
how does the antidiuretic hormone control water absorption in the collecting duct?
how does alcohol affect water absorption - Answer ADH allows you to urinate less frequently
by making the wall of the collecting duct more permeable to water. alcohol makes you urinate
more by blocking the release of ADH, this allows less water to get reabsorbed and makes you
dehydrated and more liquid in your bladder
Practice Questions with Guaranteed
Pass Solutions 2025.
What is plasmolysis? - Answer Plasmolysis is the process in which cells lose water in a
hypertonic solution
In which osmotic environment will a cell (or potato slice) shrivel - if the environment is saltier
than the cells cytoplasm or if the environment is less salty than the cells cytoplasm? will the
tissue shrivel or swell - Answer saltier environment - the cell will shrivel
less salty environment - cell will swell
what is the difference between passive and active flow of ions or small molecules into and out
of a cell? - Answer active flow- pumps molecules against concentration gradient using ATP
passive flow - uses concentration gradient to pass molecules through membrane
which process establishes a concentration gradient - active or passive flow - Answer passive
molecules don't deliberately move through trans-membrane channels, thy move through when
they happen to "wander" through it. what causes molecules to move? - Answer diffusion, etc.
What is homeostasis? - Answer Maintaining a stable internal environment
what is the effect of negative feedback? - Answer turns off or dials down the process
it is typically controlled by hormones
what are antagonistic hormones and how do they work together to maintain homeostasis? -
Answer Chemical substances which inhibit the function of the endocrine glands
which engineered tissue have been implanted into humans so far? - Answer lungs, hearts,
kidneys
,according to the graphic in your textbook, which organ is most needed for transplants? - Answer
kidney
what are the major components of blood? - Answer plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells,
platelets
what molecule in the blood is responsible for transporting oxygen gas in the blood stream? -
Answer red blood cells
how long can you go w/out oxygen before suffering irreversible brain damage? - Answer 4
minutes
distinguish between arteries, veins, and capillaries - Answer artieries- large vessles that
transport blood away from the heart
veins- large vessels that carry blood to the heart
capillaries- smallest vessesl that exchange materials by diffusions w/ nearby cells
in which vessels does gas exchange between the blood and tissues/lungs take place - Answer
capillaries
relate the exchange of co2 and 02 across cell membranes to movement of molecules down their
concentration gradient? - Answer
under normal conditions, what is the concentration gradient of co2 in the blood relative to the
alveoli in the lungs? which direction will c02 move at the capillary-alveoli interface? - Answer
gas is exchanged between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries via diffusion: gas molecules
will move from an area of high conc. to an area of low conc.
co2 will enter the blood stream as waste
under normal conditions, what is the concentration gradient of co2 in the blood relative to the
lungs? what direction will o2 move at the capillary alveoli interface? - Answer
in a four chambered heart, whwere does the blood go after it leaves the right atrium? - Answer
it goes through the pulmonary circuit (lungs) for gas exchange
, which parts of the pathways you outlined above carry oxygenated blood? which carry de-
oxygenated blood? - Answer deoxygenated - right atrium/right ventricle
oxygenated- left atrium/ left ventricle
how are blood vessels bioengineered so that they can be implanted in a patient and not have
the patient's immune system reject it? - Answer collect smooth muscle cells from the blood
vessels of organ donors and grow those cells in a biodegradabl frame
the frame dissolves
leaves behind a sturdy tube of cells and extracellular matrix
then they wash away the cells
what are the two major roles of the urinary system? - Answer remove waste and
Where are the kidneys located? - Answer middle of abdomen towards back
what is a nephron - Answer kidneys basic functional unit that works as filtration that cleanses
blood
name/label the parts of the vertebrate nephron and indicated where it is permeable to water
and where salt is pumped out - Answer descending loop of henle, distal tubule, collecting
duct, and proximal tubule: permeable to water. ascending loop of henle and collecting duct:
permeable to salts.
why does water move passively out of the nephron? that is, what drives its movement in that
direction? - Answer Because the interstitial fluid around the nephron has a higher
concentration of salt than the fluid inside the nephron (osmosis)
when water move out of the nephron, where does it go? - Answer ureter into the bladder
how does the antidiuretic hormone control water absorption in the collecting duct?
how does alcohol affect water absorption - Answer ADH allows you to urinate less frequently
by making the wall of the collecting duct more permeable to water. alcohol makes you urinate
more by blocking the release of ADH, this allows less water to get reabsorbed and makes you
dehydrated and more liquid in your bladder
