UPDATED 2025/2026 BIOS 255 Exam 1 Questions & Answers
| Complete High-Yield Test Bank
1. Q: A patient’s cells are unable to produce enough energy. Which organelle is most
likely malfunctioning?
Correct Answer: Mitochondria
2. Q: A lab student observes a cell under the microscope and notes that it lacks a
nucleus. Which type of cell is this?
Correct Answer: Prokaryotic cell
3. Q: During protein synthesis, which organelle assembles amino acids into
polypeptides?
Correct Answer: Ribosomes
4. Q: A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the cell membrane’s structure. Which
macromolecule is primarily affected?
Correct Answer: Phospholipids
5. Q: A lysosomal storage disorder prevents proper breakdown of cellular waste. Which
organelle is affected?
Correct Answer: Lysosome
,6. Q: A cell is selectively allowing substances to pass in and out while blocking others.
Which structure is responsible for this?
Correct Answer: Plasma membrane
7. Q: During a lab experiment, tRNA molecules are observed transporting amino acids.
What is the role of tRNA?
Correct Answer: Carry amino acids to the ribosome
8. Q: Proteins need to be processed and packaged before secretion. Which organelle
handles this task?
Correct Answer: Golgi apparatus
9. Q: A student observes a jelly-like substance filling a cell. What is this substance
called?
Correct Answer: Cytoplasm
10. Q: A cell is preparing for DNA replication. Which phase of the cell cycle is it in?
Correct Answer: S phase
11. Q: A skin cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. What process is
occurring?
Correct Answer: Mitosis
, 12. Q: A patient has a defect that prevents proper breakdown of macromolecules in the
cell. Which organelle is malfunctioning?
Correct Answer: Lysosome
13. Q: DNA and RNA differ structurally. What is the main difference?
Correct Answer: DNA has deoxyribose sugar and is double-stranded; RNA has ribose
sugar and is single-stranded
14. Q: A liver cell is detoxifying substances and synthesizing lipids. Which organelle is
mainly responsible?
Correct Answer: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
15. Q: A cell loses its shape and cannot maintain structural integrity. Which cytoskeletal
component is likely defective?
Correct Answer: Microtubules
16. Q: Water moves across a semipermeable membrane from low solute to high solute
concentration. What is this process called?
Correct Answer: Osmosis
17. Q: A cell is actively pumping sodium ions out against their concentration gradient.
What type of transport is this?
Correct Answer: Active transport
| Complete High-Yield Test Bank
1. Q: A patient’s cells are unable to produce enough energy. Which organelle is most
likely malfunctioning?
Correct Answer: Mitochondria
2. Q: A lab student observes a cell under the microscope and notes that it lacks a
nucleus. Which type of cell is this?
Correct Answer: Prokaryotic cell
3. Q: During protein synthesis, which organelle assembles amino acids into
polypeptides?
Correct Answer: Ribosomes
4. Q: A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the cell membrane’s structure. Which
macromolecule is primarily affected?
Correct Answer: Phospholipids
5. Q: A lysosomal storage disorder prevents proper breakdown of cellular waste. Which
organelle is affected?
Correct Answer: Lysosome
,6. Q: A cell is selectively allowing substances to pass in and out while blocking others.
Which structure is responsible for this?
Correct Answer: Plasma membrane
7. Q: During a lab experiment, tRNA molecules are observed transporting amino acids.
What is the role of tRNA?
Correct Answer: Carry amino acids to the ribosome
8. Q: Proteins need to be processed and packaged before secretion. Which organelle
handles this task?
Correct Answer: Golgi apparatus
9. Q: A student observes a jelly-like substance filling a cell. What is this substance
called?
Correct Answer: Cytoplasm
10. Q: A cell is preparing for DNA replication. Which phase of the cell cycle is it in?
Correct Answer: S phase
11. Q: A skin cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. What process is
occurring?
Correct Answer: Mitosis
, 12. Q: A patient has a defect that prevents proper breakdown of macromolecules in the
cell. Which organelle is malfunctioning?
Correct Answer: Lysosome
13. Q: DNA and RNA differ structurally. What is the main difference?
Correct Answer: DNA has deoxyribose sugar and is double-stranded; RNA has ribose
sugar and is single-stranded
14. Q: A liver cell is detoxifying substances and synthesizing lipids. Which organelle is
mainly responsible?
Correct Answer: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
15. Q: A cell loses its shape and cannot maintain structural integrity. Which cytoskeletal
component is likely defective?
Correct Answer: Microtubules
16. Q: Water moves across a semipermeable membrane from low solute to high solute
concentration. What is this process called?
Correct Answer: Osmosis
17. Q: A cell is actively pumping sodium ions out against their concentration gradient.
What type of transport is this?
Correct Answer: Active transport
