Disorders of Blood Flow and Blood Pressure
B lood Pr essur e:
- Systole: blood pressure rises, ventricles contract
- Diastole: blood pressure falls, ventricles relax and fill
As the blood is being ejected: the amount of blood and pressure becomes higher in the aorta and
less in the left ventricle
B lood pr essur e r egulation:
- Str oke volum e: the amount of blood pumped out in one contraction
- Influenced:
- Preload: amount of blood in right ventricle
- Afterload: how much pressure needs to be used to push out the aorta
- Mean ar ter ial pr essur e: average pressure in arterial system during a ventricular
contraction
- Car diac output: amount of blood ejected in one minute
- Per ipher al vascular r esistan ce: resistance of the entire circulatory system
- Artery: away from heart
- Veins: blood to heart
, All of or gans w ork together to m ain tain blood pr essur e
The kidneys ar e good at sensing if the balan ce of bp is off
- Release r enin after dr op
- Liver also senses the dr op and r elease an gioten sin
- Angiotensin and r enin m eet to for m an gioten sin I
- Lungs r elease ace w ith angioten sin I- an gioten sin II
- Potassium excr etion : gets r id of potassium
Dyslipidem ia: high cholesterol
- Etiology: imbalance of lipid components (lipids, triglycerides) in the blood
- Due to nutrition, genetics (athletes)
- Increased: LDL (low density lipoprotein), triglycerides, total cholesterol
- Decreased: HDLS (very helpful, help remove the bad cholesterol)
- The liver m akes the cholester ol by tur in g the HMG CoA tur n s in to
(HMG CoA Reduction ) m evalon ic acid - cholester ol syn thesis
- Manifestations: xanthomas: lesions on the skin containing cholesterol and fat (do not
feel anything)
- Complication: MI, Stroke, CAD (coronary artery disease), PVD (peripheral vascular
disease)
- The cholesterol is blocking, it hangs on the artery walls and break off for stroke
- Diagnosis: lipid panel
Ather oscler osis:
- Etiology: Hardening of arteries caused by fatty lesions
- Endothelial Injury → Migration of Inflammatory Cells → Lipid Accumulation →
Plaque Formation → organs supplied do not get enough blood
- Due to dyslipidemia
- Less O2 supply
B lood Pr essur e:
- Systole: blood pressure rises, ventricles contract
- Diastole: blood pressure falls, ventricles relax and fill
As the blood is being ejected: the amount of blood and pressure becomes higher in the aorta and
less in the left ventricle
B lood pr essur e r egulation:
- Str oke volum e: the amount of blood pumped out in one contraction
- Influenced:
- Preload: amount of blood in right ventricle
- Afterload: how much pressure needs to be used to push out the aorta
- Mean ar ter ial pr essur e: average pressure in arterial system during a ventricular
contraction
- Car diac output: amount of blood ejected in one minute
- Per ipher al vascular r esistan ce: resistance of the entire circulatory system
- Artery: away from heart
- Veins: blood to heart
, All of or gans w ork together to m ain tain blood pr essur e
The kidneys ar e good at sensing if the balan ce of bp is off
- Release r enin after dr op
- Liver also senses the dr op and r elease an gioten sin
- Angiotensin and r enin m eet to for m an gioten sin I
- Lungs r elease ace w ith angioten sin I- an gioten sin II
- Potassium excr etion : gets r id of potassium
Dyslipidem ia: high cholesterol
- Etiology: imbalance of lipid components (lipids, triglycerides) in the blood
- Due to nutrition, genetics (athletes)
- Increased: LDL (low density lipoprotein), triglycerides, total cholesterol
- Decreased: HDLS (very helpful, help remove the bad cholesterol)
- The liver m akes the cholester ol by tur in g the HMG CoA tur n s in to
(HMG CoA Reduction ) m evalon ic acid - cholester ol syn thesis
- Manifestations: xanthomas: lesions on the skin containing cholesterol and fat (do not
feel anything)
- Complication: MI, Stroke, CAD (coronary artery disease), PVD (peripheral vascular
disease)
- The cholesterol is blocking, it hangs on the artery walls and break off for stroke
- Diagnosis: lipid panel
Ather oscler osis:
- Etiology: Hardening of arteries caused by fatty lesions
- Endothelial Injury → Migration of Inflammatory Cells → Lipid Accumulation →
Plaque Formation → organs supplied do not get enough blood
- Due to dyslipidemia
- Less O2 supply
