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PUB3707 Assignment 2 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester 2 2025 - DUE 18 September 2025

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Read pages 9–12 by Clapper (2014) and perform the following activities: 1) Clapper identifies two mutually contradictory arguments regarding the value of codes of conduct. − Name the two arguments. − Briefly discuss the arguments in the context of the acceptance of bribes by customs officers as mentioned in study unit 1.2. 2) Summarise Clapper’s evaluation of the value of codes of conduct for public servants in about 100 words. − Read what Robson (2014:23–24) writes about codes of conduct. 3) Summarise Robson’s evaluation of the value of codes of conduct for public servants in about 100 words. 4) Briefly compare Clapper’s and Robson’s views on codes of conduct. Clapper’s view • the relation between professionalism and ethical behaviour • the meaning of the concept “informed discretion”. • the possible relation between professionalism and knowledge • the role codes of conduct can play in promoting professionalism Robson’s view • the relation between professionalism and ethical behaviour (briefly compare this to Clapper’s view) • the ethical implications of professionalism and the lack of required knowledge Various statutes have been promulgated and policies adopted to promote virtuous conduct in national, provincial and local governments. Identify at least five of these statutes and/or policies and describe their respective objectives and guidelines. • the professional official in his or her role as advisor to political office bearers Downloaded by Chandrey De Villiers () Directional and aspirational codes of conduct are used to promote integrity in the public service. Compare the work of Clapper (2014: 9–12) and Robson (2014: 23–24) in your prescribed book and motivate whether such codes are suitability instruments to promote ethical conduct. 37 • the implications of an official’s professional status for the quality of his or her work Directional and aspirational codes of conduct are used to promote integrity in the public service. Compare the work of Clapper (2014: 9–12) and Robson (2014: 23–24) in your prescribed book and motivate whether such codes are suitability instruments to promote ethical conduct. • the tendency to anticipate what a political decision-maker wants to hear and to adapt one’s reports accordingly as opposed to making it possible for him or her to make an informed decision Various statutes have been promulgated and policies adopted to promote virtuous conduct in national, provincial and local governments. Identify at least five (5) of these statutes and/or policies and describe their respective objectives and guidelines. • professional criteria for making information publicly available Read pages 9–12 by Clapper (2014) and perform the following activities: 1) Clapper identifies two mutually contradictory arguments regarding the value of codes of conduct. − Name the two arguments. − Briefly discuss the arguments in the context of the acceptance of bribes by customs officers as mentioned in study unit 1.2. 2) Summarise Clapper’s evaluation of the value of codes of conduct for public servants in about 100 words. − Read what Robson (2014:23–24) writes about codes of conduct. 3) Summarise Robson’s evaluation of the value of codes of conduct for public servants in about 100 words. 4) Briefly compare Clapper’s and Robson’s views on codes of conduct. Clapper’s view • the relation between professionalism and ethical behaviour • the meaning of the concept “informed discretion”. • the possible relation between professionalism and knowledge • the role codes of conduct can play in promoting professionalism Robson’s view • the relation between professionalism and ethical behaviour (briefly compare this to Clapper’s view) • the ethical implications of professionalism and the lack of required knowledge Various statutes have been promulgated and policies adopted to promote virtuous conduct in national, provincial and local governments. Identify at least five of these statutes and/or policies and describe their respective objectives and guidelines. • the professional official in his or her role as advisor to political office bearers Downloaded by Chandrey De Villiers () Directional and aspirational codes of conduct are used to promote integrity in the public service. Compare the work of Clapper (2014: 9–12) and Robson (2014: 23–24) in your prescribed book and motivate whether such codes are suitability instruments to promote ethical conduct. 37 • the implications of an official’s professional status for the quality of his or her work Directional and aspirational codes of conduct are used to promote integrity in the public service. Compare the work of Clapper (2014: 9–12) and Robson (2014: 23–24) in your prescribed book and motivate whether such codes are suitability instruments to promote ethical conduct. • the tendency to anticipate what a political decision-maker wants to hear and to adapt one’s reports accordingly as opposed to making it possible for him or her to make an informed decision Various statutes have been promulgated and policies adopted to promote virtuous conduct in national, provincial and local governments. Identify at least five (5) of these statutes and/or policies and describe their respective objectives and guidelines. • professional criteria for making information publicly available Read pages 9–12 by Clapper (2014) and perform the following activities: 1) Clapper identifies two mutually contradictory arguments regarding the value of codes of conduct. − Name the two arguments. − Briefly discuss the arguments in the context of the acceptance of bribes by customs officers as mentioned in study unit 1.2. 2) Summarise Clapper’s evaluation of the value of codes of conduct for public servants in about 100 words. − Read what Robson (2014:23–24) writes about codes of conduct. 3) Summarise Robson’s evaluation of the value of codes of conduct for public servants in about 100 words. 4) Briefly compare Clapper’s and Robson’s views on codes of conduct. Clapper’s view • the relation between professionalism and ethical behaviour • the meaning of the concept “informed discretion”. • the possible relation between professionalism and knowledge • the role codes of conduct can play in promoting professionalism Robson’s view • the relation between professionalism and ethical behaviour (briefly compare this to Clapper’s view) • the ethical implications of professionalism and the lack of required knowledge Various statutes have been promulgated and policies adopted to promote virtuous conduct in national, provincial and local governments. Identify at least five of these statutes and/or policies and describe their respective objectives and guidelines. • the professional official in his or her role as advisor to political office bearers Downloaded by Chandrey De Villiers () Directional and aspirational codes of conduct are used to promote integrity in the public service. Compare the work of Clapper (2014: 9–12) and Robson (2014: 23–24) in your prescribed book and motivate whether such codes are suitability instruments to promote ethical conduct. 37 • the implications of an official’s professional status for the quality of his or her work Directional and aspirational codes of conduct are used to promote integrity in the public service. Compare the work of Clapper (2014: 9–12) and Robson (2014: 23–24) in your prescribed book and motivate whether such codes are suitability instruments to promote ethical conduct. • the tendency to anticipate what a political decision-maker wants to hear and to adapt one’s reports accordingly as opposed to making it possible for him or her to make an informed decision Various statutes have been promulgated and policies adopted to promote virtuous conduct in national, provincial and local governments. Identify at least five (5) of these statutes and/or policies and describe their respective objectives and guidelines. • professional criteria for making information publicly available

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Subido en
18 de septiembre de 2025
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10
Escrito en
2025/2026
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PUB3707 Assignment 2
(COMPLETE ANSWERS)
Semester 2 2025 - DUE 18
September 2025

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, 1) Mutually Contradictory Arguments Regarding Codes of Conduct
Clapper (2014) identifies two opposing views on the value of codes of conduct:
 Argument 1: Codes are useless. This view argues that codes of conduct are superficial
documents that don't change behavior. They are often just an administrative exercise,
drafted without meaningful consultation, and employees don't take them seriously.
Adherents to this argument believe that ethics cannot be legislated or dictated.
 Argument 2: Codes are essential. This view maintains that codes of conduct are crucial
instruments for setting clear expectations and promoting ethical behavior. They provide a
common reference point for what is considered right and wrong, guiding public servants
in their duties. They also provide a basis for holding officials accountable.
In the context of customs officers accepting bribes, these arguments play out as follows:
 "Codes are useless" perspective: This view would suggest that the customs officers,
despite being aware of a code of conduct that likely prohibits bribery, chose to accept
bribes anyway. The code did not deter them because their personal motivations (e.g.,
greed, financial hardship) or a weak ethical culture outweighed the formal rules. In this
case, the code is just a piece of paper that failed to prevent corruption.
 "Codes are essential" perspective: This view would argue that the code of conduct is
precisely the tool needed to address the problem. It clearly defines bribery as unethical
and illegal. The code provides a standard for a supervisor or a disciplinary committee to
hold the officer accountable. It also serves as a benchmark for training new officers and
creating a culture where such behavior is not tolerated.


2) Clapper's Evaluation of the Value of Codes of Conduct
Clapper views codes of conduct as valuable, but with limitations. He argues that they are a
necessary part of an ethical public service, as they set clear boundaries and standards. However,
he cautions that their true value lies not in their existence alone, but in their purpose and
implementation. Codes of conduct can promote professionalism by guiding officials in their
informed discretion, which is the ability to make a sound decision based on professional
knowledge, integrity, and ethical principles. He also highlights that codes help officials
understand their ethical duties beyond simply following the law, reinforcing the idea that
professionalism is a form of ethical behavior.


3) Robson's Evaluation of the Value of Codes of Conduct
Robson takes a more pragmatic, and arguably more skeptical, view of codes of conduct. He sees
them as a single component of a broader ethical framework. While he acknowledges they can
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