BIO-112: Basic Anatomy & Physiology –
Practice Questions
1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
Cell
Cells are the smallest living units in the body and carry out essential
functions necessary for life.
2. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?
Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue functions as a protective barrier and also aids in
absorption, secretion, and filtration.
3. Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
Mitochondria
Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration, providing
energy for cellular activities.
4. What is the main function of red blood cells?
Transport oxygen
RBCs contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen and delivers it to body
tissues.
5. Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?
Sagittal plane
The sagittal plane runs vertically, separating the body into left and right
portions.
6. What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
Support and protection
,The skeleton provides structural support, protects internal organs, and
facilitates movement.
7. Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary and striated?
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscles attach to bones and allow conscious, voluntary
movement.
8. What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange
The respiratory system allows oxygen to enter the blood and carbon
dioxide to be expelled.
9. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Arteries transport oxygenated blood away from the heart, except
pulmonary arteries which carry deoxygenated blood.
10. What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Nephrons filter blood, remove waste, and regulate fluid and electrolyte
balance.
11. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Cerebellum
The cerebellum integrates sensory input to maintain balance and
coordinate voluntary movement.
12. What is the largest organ in the human body?
Skin
, The skin protects against pathogens, regulates temperature, and
prevents dehydration.
13. Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion?
Ball-and-socket joint
Examples include the shoulder and hip joints, which allow movement in
multiple directions.
14. Which ion is essential for muscle contraction?
Calcium
Calcium binds to troponin, initiating the sliding filament mechanism in
muscle contraction.
15. Which organ produces insulin?
Pancreas
The pancreas’ beta cells secrete insulin, regulating blood glucose levels.
16. Which system regulates body activities using hormones?
Endocrine system
The endocrine system secretes hormones into the bloodstream to
maintain homeostasis.
17. What type of connective tissue stores energy in the form of fat?
Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue insulates the body, protects organs, and stores energy.
18. Which blood cells are responsible for fighting infections?
White blood cells
WBCs defend the body against pathogens and provide immune
response.
Practice Questions
1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
Cell
Cells are the smallest living units in the body and carry out essential
functions necessary for life.
2. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?
Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue functions as a protective barrier and also aids in
absorption, secretion, and filtration.
3. Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
Mitochondria
Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration, providing
energy for cellular activities.
4. What is the main function of red blood cells?
Transport oxygen
RBCs contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen and delivers it to body
tissues.
5. Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?
Sagittal plane
The sagittal plane runs vertically, separating the body into left and right
portions.
6. What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
Support and protection
,The skeleton provides structural support, protects internal organs, and
facilitates movement.
7. Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary and striated?
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscles attach to bones and allow conscious, voluntary
movement.
8. What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange
The respiratory system allows oxygen to enter the blood and carbon
dioxide to be expelled.
9. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Arteries transport oxygenated blood away from the heart, except
pulmonary arteries which carry deoxygenated blood.
10. What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Nephrons filter blood, remove waste, and regulate fluid and electrolyte
balance.
11. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Cerebellum
The cerebellum integrates sensory input to maintain balance and
coordinate voluntary movement.
12. What is the largest organ in the human body?
Skin
, The skin protects against pathogens, regulates temperature, and
prevents dehydration.
13. Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion?
Ball-and-socket joint
Examples include the shoulder and hip joints, which allow movement in
multiple directions.
14. Which ion is essential for muscle contraction?
Calcium
Calcium binds to troponin, initiating the sliding filament mechanism in
muscle contraction.
15. Which organ produces insulin?
Pancreas
The pancreas’ beta cells secrete insulin, regulating blood glucose levels.
16. Which system regulates body activities using hormones?
Endocrine system
The endocrine system secretes hormones into the bloodstream to
maintain homeostasis.
17. What type of connective tissue stores energy in the form of fat?
Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue insulates the body, protects organs, and stores energy.
18. Which blood cells are responsible for fighting infections?
White blood cells
WBCs defend the body against pathogens and provide immune
response.
