CNA CLASS 2025 FULL STUDY GUIDE UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Eight principles of care? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Infection Control
2. Safety
3. Communication
4. Privacy
5. Dignity
6. Independence
7. Body Mechanics
8. Comfort
Boundry crossing? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a brief act or behavior outside of the helpful zone. Ex:
hugging a patient when crying, but then continuing to hug them everytime you see them could be seen
as inappropriate if the patient doesn't need a hug anymore.
Boundry violation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅an act or behavior that meets your needs, not the person's.
Ex: abuse, sharing too much personal information
Proffesional sexual misconduct? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅An act in sexual nature, even if the patient
initiates or consents
OBRA? Full name and Responsibilities? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅(Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) A
law passed by the federal government that includes minimum standards for nursing assistant training,
staffing requirements, resident assessment instructions, and information on rights for residents. Less
antipsychotic drugs, reduction of chemical or physical restraints, reduction in inappropriate use of
indwelling urinary catheters. A facility must provide services/ activities to attain the highest physical,
metal, and psychological well-being of each resident.
State Survery Process Responsibilities? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Applies penalties against nursing homes
with a failure to meet the minimum standard of care based on OBRA regualtions
,Code of conduct for nursing assistants? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1.) be accountable for your actions/ be
responsible
2.) be loyal to co-workers and employer
3.) complete each task safely
4.) consider the residents needs to be more important than your own
5.)do not borrow/ lend money to co-workers
6.) follow agency policies and procedures
7.) follow directions from the nurse
8.) know the limits of your role and knowledge
9.) never accept gifts from residents
10.) do not harm the patient
11.) Only perform legal actions
12.) protect patient's privacy
13.) protect patient's property
14.) report errors/ incidents immediately
15.) respect each person as an individual
16.) do not take unauthorized drugs
Vital Signs? RPT? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅R-respiration/ breathing
P-palpitations/ heart function
T-temperature
Normal Ranges for Body Temp? and where/ how to take each temp? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Axillary:
96.6-98.6 gloves, wipe down armpit with dry towel, place in middle of armpit
Oral: 97.6-99.6 gloves, place under tongue, remind resident not to bite
Tympanic: (ear) 97.6-99.6
,Rectal: 98.6-100.6 gloves, lubricant, patient on left side, hold one hand under butt so they don't move,
hold thermometer with other hand in order not to lose it, wipe with tissue after
* Wait 10 min before taking temperature if tobacco or hot or cold fluids have been consumed. Do not
take oral temperature on a patient who is unconscious, restless/ confused, paralyzed on one side, uses
oxygen, or has seizures
Pulses Normal Range? Types? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adult (60-100) bpm count for a full minute if
patient has an irregular pulse or is taking certain meds
Brachial- located near the end of the bend of the arm, closer to the midline
Radial- Most common, thumb side of wrist
Apical- taken by listening to the heart with a stethoscope
* Note if pulse is regular/ irregular/ strong/ weak
* Never use your thumb to take a pulse because it will not be accurate, use 2/3 fingers
Respirations? Things to note? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅One breath= one inhale and one exhale
normal range adult - 12-20 per min
chest rises during inhale
* Do not tell patient you are counting their breaths, read will be inaccurate
* Note if noisy, labored, irregular pattern
C&DB? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cough and deep breathing
Pneumonia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Inflammation of the lung tissue, alveoli will fill with fluid
, Bradypnea? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10
breaths per minute
Tachypnea? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅rapid breathing, usually more than 20 bpm
Dyspnea? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅difficult or labored breathing (dys- bad/ labored)
Apnea? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅absence of breathing (a- without/ lack of)
Cheyne-Stokes? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅respirations gradually increase depth and rate, then become
shallow and slow. Breathing may stop for 10-20 sec
Blood Pressure (BP) Range and Average? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Average- 120/80mmHG
Systolic/ Diastolic
Normal Range- Upper # (100-129) / lower # ( 60-89)
* do not take if a breast was removed recently, weak side ( stoke ect. ), cast on arm, I.V., swelling, lymph
edema, recent blood draw on either arm, or any other relevant problems
BP Cuff? Parts? Steps? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅sphygmomanometer is another name for blood pressure
cuff
parts: dial, cuff, pump, valve
each small mark represents 2 mmHG ( milimeters of mercury) , long marks represent 10 mmHG
*Note to which mark the needle is pointing to when the first pole sound is heard this is the systolic
pressure. As the needle continues to move counterclockwise, know which mark the needle points to win
the last post sound is heard, this is the diastolic pressure.
ANSWERS
Eight principles of care? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Infection Control
2. Safety
3. Communication
4. Privacy
5. Dignity
6. Independence
7. Body Mechanics
8. Comfort
Boundry crossing? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a brief act or behavior outside of the helpful zone. Ex:
hugging a patient when crying, but then continuing to hug them everytime you see them could be seen
as inappropriate if the patient doesn't need a hug anymore.
Boundry violation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅an act or behavior that meets your needs, not the person's.
Ex: abuse, sharing too much personal information
Proffesional sexual misconduct? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅An act in sexual nature, even if the patient
initiates or consents
OBRA? Full name and Responsibilities? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅(Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) A
law passed by the federal government that includes minimum standards for nursing assistant training,
staffing requirements, resident assessment instructions, and information on rights for residents. Less
antipsychotic drugs, reduction of chemical or physical restraints, reduction in inappropriate use of
indwelling urinary catheters. A facility must provide services/ activities to attain the highest physical,
metal, and psychological well-being of each resident.
State Survery Process Responsibilities? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Applies penalties against nursing homes
with a failure to meet the minimum standard of care based on OBRA regualtions
,Code of conduct for nursing assistants? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1.) be accountable for your actions/ be
responsible
2.) be loyal to co-workers and employer
3.) complete each task safely
4.) consider the residents needs to be more important than your own
5.)do not borrow/ lend money to co-workers
6.) follow agency policies and procedures
7.) follow directions from the nurse
8.) know the limits of your role and knowledge
9.) never accept gifts from residents
10.) do not harm the patient
11.) Only perform legal actions
12.) protect patient's privacy
13.) protect patient's property
14.) report errors/ incidents immediately
15.) respect each person as an individual
16.) do not take unauthorized drugs
Vital Signs? RPT? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅R-respiration/ breathing
P-palpitations/ heart function
T-temperature
Normal Ranges for Body Temp? and where/ how to take each temp? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Axillary:
96.6-98.6 gloves, wipe down armpit with dry towel, place in middle of armpit
Oral: 97.6-99.6 gloves, place under tongue, remind resident not to bite
Tympanic: (ear) 97.6-99.6
,Rectal: 98.6-100.6 gloves, lubricant, patient on left side, hold one hand under butt so they don't move,
hold thermometer with other hand in order not to lose it, wipe with tissue after
* Wait 10 min before taking temperature if tobacco or hot or cold fluids have been consumed. Do not
take oral temperature on a patient who is unconscious, restless/ confused, paralyzed on one side, uses
oxygen, or has seizures
Pulses Normal Range? Types? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adult (60-100) bpm count for a full minute if
patient has an irregular pulse or is taking certain meds
Brachial- located near the end of the bend of the arm, closer to the midline
Radial- Most common, thumb side of wrist
Apical- taken by listening to the heart with a stethoscope
* Note if pulse is regular/ irregular/ strong/ weak
* Never use your thumb to take a pulse because it will not be accurate, use 2/3 fingers
Respirations? Things to note? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅One breath= one inhale and one exhale
normal range adult - 12-20 per min
chest rises during inhale
* Do not tell patient you are counting their breaths, read will be inaccurate
* Note if noisy, labored, irregular pattern
C&DB? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cough and deep breathing
Pneumonia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Inflammation of the lung tissue, alveoli will fill with fluid
, Bradypnea? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10
breaths per minute
Tachypnea? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅rapid breathing, usually more than 20 bpm
Dyspnea? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅difficult or labored breathing (dys- bad/ labored)
Apnea? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅absence of breathing (a- without/ lack of)
Cheyne-Stokes? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅respirations gradually increase depth and rate, then become
shallow and slow. Breathing may stop for 10-20 sec
Blood Pressure (BP) Range and Average? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Average- 120/80mmHG
Systolic/ Diastolic
Normal Range- Upper # (100-129) / lower # ( 60-89)
* do not take if a breast was removed recently, weak side ( stoke ect. ), cast on arm, I.V., swelling, lymph
edema, recent blood draw on either arm, or any other relevant problems
BP Cuff? Parts? Steps? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅sphygmomanometer is another name for blood pressure
cuff
parts: dial, cuff, pump, valve
each small mark represents 2 mmHG ( milimeters of mercury) , long marks represent 10 mmHG
*Note to which mark the needle is pointing to when the first pole sound is heard this is the systolic
pressure. As the needle continues to move counterclockwise, know which mark the needle points to win
the last post sound is heard, this is the diastolic pressure.
