1 | Page
HESI Anatomy and physiology Questions and
Answers
Histology
Ans: the study of tissues
Mitosis and Meiosis
Ans: Mitosis and meiosis are the ways that cells reproduce. During
mitosis, a cell duplicates its DNA and divides into two identical cells
called daughter cells. Meiosis, on the other hand, produces four daughter
cells that have only half of the chromosomes that the parent cell has.
Meiosis is the form of cell duplication that produces eggs and sperm.
Skin
Ans: membrane because it covers the body ; organ because it contains
several kinds of tissues.
skeletal system
Ans: Functions to support, permit movement, form blood cells
(homeopoiesis), protect internal organs, detoxify, point for muscle
attachment, mineral storage (particularly phosphorous and calcium)
Muscular System
Ans: Consists of skeletal muscles and tendons that connect muscles to
bone, and ligaments which attach bones to each other to form joints.
Cardiac and smooth muscles are not included in this organ system.
Nervous System
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, 2 | Page
Ans: Composed of neurons (cell, axon, dendrite), central nervous system
(brain, spinal cord), peripheral nervous system (nerves of the body).
Recieves, interpretes and transmits impulses and responses. Responsible
for sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing (five senses), heart rate, breathing,
speech, movement
Endocrine system
Ans: Consists of a group of ductless glands that secrete substances
called hormones directly into the bloodstream. Hormones are powerful
chemical substances that have a profound effect on many body
processes such as metabolism, growth and development, reproduction,
personality, and the ability of the body to react to stress and disease.
Circulatory system
Ans: The human body system that contains the heart, blood, and all of
the blood vessels. It delivers all the nutrients to the cells
Respiratory System
Ans: A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange
between the body and the environment, consisting especially of the
nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Digestive System
Ans: 3 main functions - break down food mechanically & chemically,
absorb important molcules for the body needs, & eliminates wastes
Urinary System
Ans: Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes
waster material (urine) from the body, regulates fluid volume, and
maintains electrolyte concentration.
Reproductive system
Ans: (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis, ovaries, Fallopian
tubes, uterus, vagina) produces reproductive cells, nurtures and protects
developing embryo in females
Alimentary Canal
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Ans: Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract,
the alimentary canal is the long muscular "tube" that includes the mouth
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
anatomic position
Ans: The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the
palms forward. The anatomic position is of importance in anatomy
because it is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature.
Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, and
abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic
position.
Anterior
Ans: Front or Ventral
appendicular skeleton
Ans: 126 bones that make up the shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic
girdle, legs, and hands.
arterioles
Ans: Extremely small arteries that result from multiple branching of
major arteries. Function to direct and control blood flow and to reduce
blood pressure
Axial Skelton
Ans: rts the central axis of the body. Consists of the sku
bolus
Ans: A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed
with saliva.food is swallowed and passed from the esophagus into the
stomach, where digestion continues with the mixing of chyme with
hydrochloric acid, enzyme action, and intrinsic factor.
Cell
© 2025 All rights reserved
HESI Anatomy and physiology Questions and
Answers
Histology
Ans: the study of tissues
Mitosis and Meiosis
Ans: Mitosis and meiosis are the ways that cells reproduce. During
mitosis, a cell duplicates its DNA and divides into two identical cells
called daughter cells. Meiosis, on the other hand, produces four daughter
cells that have only half of the chromosomes that the parent cell has.
Meiosis is the form of cell duplication that produces eggs and sperm.
Skin
Ans: membrane because it covers the body ; organ because it contains
several kinds of tissues.
skeletal system
Ans: Functions to support, permit movement, form blood cells
(homeopoiesis), protect internal organs, detoxify, point for muscle
attachment, mineral storage (particularly phosphorous and calcium)
Muscular System
Ans: Consists of skeletal muscles and tendons that connect muscles to
bone, and ligaments which attach bones to each other to form joints.
Cardiac and smooth muscles are not included in this organ system.
Nervous System
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
Ans: Composed of neurons (cell, axon, dendrite), central nervous system
(brain, spinal cord), peripheral nervous system (nerves of the body).
Recieves, interpretes and transmits impulses and responses. Responsible
for sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing (five senses), heart rate, breathing,
speech, movement
Endocrine system
Ans: Consists of a group of ductless glands that secrete substances
called hormones directly into the bloodstream. Hormones are powerful
chemical substances that have a profound effect on many body
processes such as metabolism, growth and development, reproduction,
personality, and the ability of the body to react to stress and disease.
Circulatory system
Ans: The human body system that contains the heart, blood, and all of
the blood vessels. It delivers all the nutrients to the cells
Respiratory System
Ans: A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange
between the body and the environment, consisting especially of the
nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Digestive System
Ans: 3 main functions - break down food mechanically & chemically,
absorb important molcules for the body needs, & eliminates wastes
Urinary System
Ans: Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes
waster material (urine) from the body, regulates fluid volume, and
maintains electrolyte concentration.
Reproductive system
Ans: (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis, ovaries, Fallopian
tubes, uterus, vagina) produces reproductive cells, nurtures and protects
developing embryo in females
Alimentary Canal
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
Ans: Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract,
the alimentary canal is the long muscular "tube" that includes the mouth
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
anatomic position
Ans: The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the
palms forward. The anatomic position is of importance in anatomy
because it is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature.
Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, and
abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic
position.
Anterior
Ans: Front or Ventral
appendicular skeleton
Ans: 126 bones that make up the shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic
girdle, legs, and hands.
arterioles
Ans: Extremely small arteries that result from multiple branching of
major arteries. Function to direct and control blood flow and to reduce
blood pressure
Axial Skelton
Ans: rts the central axis of the body. Consists of the sku
bolus
Ans: A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixed
with saliva.food is swallowed and passed from the esophagus into the
stomach, where digestion continues with the mixing of chyme with
hydrochloric acid, enzyme action, and intrinsic factor.
Cell
© 2025 All rights reserved
