NU 372 Exam 2 questions with answers

NU 372 Exam 2 questions with
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answers

Immune System - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Protects the body
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against invasion of antigen (foreign substance that triggers an
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immune response) |\




-It identifies and destroys potentially harmful cell and remove
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cellular debris. |\




-*Nonspecific:* skin, cilia, stomach acid |\ |\ |\ |\




-*Specific*: B and T cells |\ |\ |\ |\




-Antibody and Cell mediated immune response
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Natural immunity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Native/Innate
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-Present at birth. Provides *nonspecific response* to any foreign
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invader
-*White blood cell action*: release cell mediators such as
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*histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins* and engulf
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(*phagocytize*) foreign substances |\ |\




-*Inflammatory* response |\




-Physical barriers, such as *intact skin*, *chemical barriers*, and
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*acidic gastric secretions* or *enzymes in tears and saliva*
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Acquired immunity (Adaptive) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Gained
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after birth. *Specific* response against a foreign antigen.
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,-Result of *prior exposure* to an antigen
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-Active or passive |\ |\




Active: exposure through disease or vaccination. Antibodies
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produced in own body (example: immunizations, common cold).
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Lasts many years; may last a lifetime
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Active immunity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-exposure through
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*disease or vaccination* |\ |\ |\




-Antibodies produced in own body (example: *immunizations,
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common cold*) |\




-Lasts *many years*; may last a lifetime
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*Natural active immunity:* antibodies produced after recovery
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from illness
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*Artificial active immunity*: antibodies produced as a result of
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vaccination


Passive immunity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Receive antibodies
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from *another person*
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-*Mom to baby, blood products* (immunoglobulin infusion, IVIG).
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-Results from transfer of a source outside of the body that has
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developed immunity through previous disease or immunization
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-*Temporary*


*Natural Passive Immunity*: antibodies obtained from mother to
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baby through breast milk or placenta
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,*Artificial passive immunity*: antibodies obtained through
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injection of serum |\ |\




Tissues of Immune System - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔*Bone
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marrow*: Where the formation of lymphocytes: B and T cells
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happen.


*B cells*: divide into cells that will *produce antibodies* for a
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specific antigen |\ |\




-(antibodies=molecules that will bind to an antigen and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


inactivate it also known as immunoglobulins).|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




-Mature in the *bone marrow and spleen* (produce antibodies for
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a specific antigen).
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-B lymphocytes mature in the *bone marrow*
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*T cells:* work with the *cell mediated immunity* so it does not
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involve antibodies. |\ |\




-works with the activation of different types of cells (cytotoxic T
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lymphocytes and macrophages) which are going to destroy |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


viruses, intracellular bacteria and cancer
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-Mature in the *thymus* (cell mediated immunity- activates
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cytotoxic and macrophages to destroy cells ex. Cancer cells)
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*Leukocytes (WBC)*: primary cells in *specific and nonspecific
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response*
-Come from Stem cells in bone marrow.
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-Bone Marrow releases WBC and increases production of WBC
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, -*leukocytosis*: increased WBC count |\ |\ |\




-*Neutropenia*: decreased WBC |\ |\




-*Normal WBC 4.5-10* |\ |\




-Divided into granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils),
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monocytes (macrophages), and lymphocytes (T and B cells,
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natural killer cells)
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*Lymphoid tissue*: where some B and T cells are stored and they
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monitor for antigens ex. *spleen and lymph nodes*
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-*Lymph Nodes*: Where some B and T cells are stored and
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monitor for any antigens.
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-*Spleen:* is a lymphatic organ where blood is filtered, B and T
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cells monitor for antigens/pathogens there.
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*Thymus*: generates T cells |\ |\ |\




Phagocytic immune response - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔WBCs
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ingest foreign particles and destroy invading agents
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Humoral response - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Antibody response
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-Antigen recognition: *B lymphocytes respond to antigens* by
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triggering *antibody formation* |\ |\




Cellular immune response - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔T
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lymphocytes; cytotoxic killer cells |\ |\ |\