NSG 522 Midterm Exam | Updated, Complete Solutions

NSG 522 Midterm Exam | Updated, Complete Solutions The frequency and relative frequency presented as a percentage should both be reported when describing interval level data False What type of graphic display would be the best for a variable measured at the ordinal data? Histogram The operational definition of a variable Specifies how a variable should be measured The epidemiological range is the minimum and maximum values When reporting the mean for a variable, what measure of spread should be reported? The standard deviation clinical data conducted can be shared to a cloud for all involved researchers to share/view false The dependent variable the outcome variable Outliers can be identified using a (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) a. Box-and-whisker plot with Tukey Fences. b. Histogram. d. Stem-and-leaf plot. e. Bar chart. f. Any/all of the above The most frequently occurring number in a set of numbers is the a. Median b. Mode. c. Midrange d. Frequency e. 50th percentile The decision to use the mean or median is based upon (Select all that apply) A. Whether the data are normally distributed b. Which statistical tests will be used for hypothesis testing c. The presence or absence of outliers d. The guidelines of the journal where the data will be published A. Whether the data are normally distributed When a continuous variable has a normal distribution and only 1 small outlier, the mean and standard deviation should be used to describe the variable False Match the following variables to the correct level of measurement (A. Interval, B. Nominal, C. Ratio, D. Ordinal) Temperature in Fahrenheit Presence or Absence of disease Weight in ounces Race Quality of life (1-5) Hemoglobin A1C Time in Minutes Level of education Oxygen Saturation Blood type Temperature in Fahrenheit- A. Interval Presence or Absence of disease- B. Nominal Weight in ounces- C. Ration Race- B. Nominal Quality of life (1-5)- D. Ordinal Hemoglobin A1C- C. Ratio Time in Minutes- C. Ratio Level of education- D. Ordinal Oxygen Saturation- C. Ratio Blood type- B. Nominal A conceptual definition defines how a variable will be measured, and includes the equipment and procedures that are used in the measurement False Testing a new piece of equipment to ensure that the equipment consistently provides that same measurement when the same variable is measured multiple times is an example of Accuracy Validity Reliability All of the above Bar charts and histograms can both be used to describe interval level data False All studies need appropriate permission to examine data True The mean is the number in the middle of the observations, when the observations are arranged from smallest to largest. False The best way to determine whether data are normally distributed is to A. Construct a box and whisker plot with turkey fences B. Construct a histogram C. Perform a shapiro-wilk test D. Perform a test for outliers A study can only have one dependent variable False In a box and whisker plot, the length of the box is equal to the Midrange Epidemiological range Statistical range Interquartile range The mean is the arithmetic average of the observations True What percentage of observations fall within +/- 2 standard deviations of the mean? 25% 50% 68% 95% 99% The validity of a weight measurement obtained with an electronic scale refers to the repeatability of the measurement False The quality of life is measure on a scale of 1 (extremely poor quality) to 5 (best possible quality). The best graphic display of these measurements would be a Bar chart Stem and leaf plot Box and whisker plot Histogram What percentage of scores fall between the first and third quartile? 25% 50% 68% 75% 100% When analyzing the variable gender, which was measured in 5 categories- the data should be displayed using a histogram box and whisker plot pie chart bar chart line chart A variable was coded as disease present, disease not present, or disease status unknown. When performing the descriptive statistics, which of the following should be used? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Median Percentages Proportions Frequencies Mode A student conducting a quality improvement project on a unit in the university hospital where the student is enrolled. Since the project is required by the university, the student does not need to obtain additional permission for the project False Height recorded in centimeters should be displayed using. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Bar chart Box and whisker plot Stem and leaf plot Histogram If a hypothesis test identifies a statistically significant finding, that means that the finding is clinically significant and should be implemented into clinical practice as soon as possible False A sample is... A. Selected from the population of interest using a random process B. Best selected by using a nonprobability sampling methods C. A subset of the population of interest D. Best selected by using a purposive sampling Which of the following p-values is/are statistically significant when alpha is set at 0.05? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY 0.0Q0 0.410 0.999 0.100 0.500 A small sample size A. Increases the risk of both type 1 and type 2 errors B. Has no effect on the results of a statistical test C. Increases the risk of a type 2 error D. Increases the risk of a type 1 error the 95% confidence interval for the mean of a set of observations indicates that 95% of the observations fall within the confidence interval False A researcher determines that the results of a hypothesis test are statistically significant. This means that the p-value from the test is >.05 <.025 or >.975 >.95 <.05 Sample size influences the ability of a hypothesis test to detect statistically significant differences True A clinical nurse leader on the surgical intensive care unit compares two interventions for reducing the number of SSI's. A statistical test comparing the number of infections in each group yields p-value of .049. This value indicates that A. There is a statistically significant difference between the groups B. There is a risk of type 2 error C. There is not a statistically significant difference between the groups D. There is not enough information presented to interpret the findings. A type 2 error occurs when the researcher concludes that there is a statistically significant difference between the groups when there really is no difference False Differences between the characteristics of a sample and the characteristics of the population of interest are due Sampling error Random error Measurement error Systematic error